Pharm Exam 1, 2014

Front 1

concentration vs time

Back 1

PK

Front 2

Concentration vs effect

Back 2

PD

Front 3

Effect vs time

Back 3

pk/pd

Front 4

PD: what the _____ does to the______.

Back 4

Drug, body

Front 5

Orthosteric interactions

Back 5

Same site as ligand

Front 6

Allosteric interactions

Back 6

Different site than ligand

Front 7

Antagonism that is surmountable, whether allosteric or orthosteric. Depends on concentration of antagonist and agonist. Requires more ligand to get the effect. Freq at orthosteric site.

Back 7

Competitive antagonism

Front 8

Antagonism that is non-surmountable. Binds at either site and alters the max amount of response available b/c the amount of ligand does not affect it.

Back 8

Non-competitive antagonism

Front 9

Example of non-competitive antagonist.

Back 9

Ketamine-nmda receptor, binds at allosteric site, inhibits NT glutamate

Front 10

Complementary effects: amino glycosides and ?

Back 10

NDNMBs

Front 11

PK interactions: what the ______ does to the _______.

Back 11

Body, drug

Front 12

PK can involve alterations in:

Back 12

ADME

Front 13

_______ determines a drug's duration and intensity of action; also the onset of action in target organ.

Back 13

Systemic absorption

Front 14

________ absorption is determined by: surface area avail of capillary membranes to absorb drug; drug's solubility in ISF; aqueous channels in vascular endothelium (watch for d/o of vascular health)

Back 14

Parenteral

Front 15

Theoretical volume each drug is distributed into after administration:

Back 15

Vd

Front 16

______ is influenced by: lipid solubility, plasma protein binding, and molecular size.

Back 16

Distribution

Front 17

First-pass pulmonary uptake can be significant (>65% of dose) for basic lipophilic amines:

Back 17

lido, propanolol, demerol, fentanyl, sufent, alfent

Front 18

Parenteral drugs are present dissolved in ____ or bound to ______.

Back 18

Plasma; protein carriers

Front 19

The ______ fraction is physiologically active.

Back 19

Unbound

Front 20

Highly ______ receive quite a large amount of total dose.

Back 20

Perfused tissues

Front 21

Alkaline drugs generally bind to:

Back 21

alpha 1-acid glycoprotein

Front 22

Acidic drugs generally bind to:

Back 22

albumin

Front 23

Alterations in protein binding _____ is important for drugs that are highly protein-bound.

Back 23

Capacity

Front 24

_______ principal phenomenon behind awakening following single doses of anesthesia induction agents.

Back 24

Redistribution

Front 25

Drug leaves the brain to less well perfused tissues without sites of ____; pt awakens. Drug is not out of body.

Back 25

Action

Front 26

_______ depends on: blood flow, concentration gradient, BBB and its integrity, physiochemistry of the drug (protein binding, lipid solubility, ionization), tissue mass avail, tissue solubility towards the drug, and pH issues.

Back 26

Tissue distribution

Front 27

Metabolism of drugs occur primarily in the ____ when it is organ dependent.

Back 27

Liver

Front 28

Drugs may be metabolized in the plasma by:

Back 28

Plasma esterases, Hoffman elimination

Front 29

Phase I reactions tend to make the drug molecules more _____ and easier to eliminate.

Back 29

Polar

Front 30

Drugs may be active or inactive after ______ rxns.

Back 30

Phase 1

Front 31

Phase II reactions are _______ which freq inactivates drugs and readies them for excretion.

Back 31

Conjugation rxns

Front 32

Slow acetylators means the drug:

Back 32

hangs around in the body