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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What do thyroid hormones do?
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control metabolism
control normal growth & development |
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what do parathyroid hormones do?
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regulate Ca
maintain bone mineralization |
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What does the thyroid gland synthesize? How does it do this?
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thyroxine (T4) & triiodothyrine (T3) by adding iodines to tyrosine residues
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what has higher plasma concentrations T3 or T4?
which may have more effects on target tissues? which may be a precursor to the other? |
T4
T3 T4 to T3 |
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What regulates the release of thyroid hormones?
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hypothalamic-pituitary system
(esp. TSH) |
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What are the physiologic effects of thyroid hormones?
which are indirect*? |
-growth & development (esp bone & CNS)
-metabolic effects (inc glucose & lipid availability) -Thermogenesis (inc BMR & heat)* -cardiovascular effects (inc HR, CO, and cardiac contractility)* |
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What is the mechanism of action for thyroid hormones?
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intracellular receptor...
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What are causes of hyperthyroidism?
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-tumor
-abnormal regulation of thyroid secretion (Graves Dz) |
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S/Sx of hyperthyroidism
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goiter
muscle wasting wt loss inc appetite tachycardia |
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Drugs used to treat hyperthyroidism
which involve synthesis*? |
-anti-thyroid agents*
-iodide* -radioactive iodine* -Beta-adrenergic blockers |
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adverse effects of hyperthyroidism drugs?
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hypothyroidism
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Causes of hypothyroidism
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idiopathic
autoimmune congenital low iodine intake genetic |
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S/Sx of hypothyroidism
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goiter
lethargy wt gain weakness bradycardia |
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T3/T4 are in what drugs that treat _____________.
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hypothyroidism
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What is Ca important for?
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muscle contraction
bone mineralization neural components |
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How does the parathyroid gland regulate Ca?
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via PTH synthesis which increases plasma Ca levels
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What other then PTH regulates Ca how?
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Vit D enhances bone formation
calcitonin lowers plasma Ca |
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What is calcitonin secreted by?
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thyroid gland
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Why may a person take Ca supplements?
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osteoporosis
rickets osteomalacia hypoparathyroidism |
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What are S/Sx of hypercalcemia
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HTN
arrhythmia mental disturbances |
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what is the Function of Vit D
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enhances bone formation by absorption and retention of Ca
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What are the effects of Vit D toxicity?
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HA
fatigue renal failure hypercalcemia |
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what drug does a pt need to stay upright for 30 mins p taking?
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Biphosphates (alendronate (Fosamax))
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What are indications for taking biphosphates?
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Paget dz
osteoprosis offset changes d/t long term glucocorticoid use |
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What is the function of biphosphates?
adverse effects? |
normalize bone turnover apparently by blocking bone resorption
GI disturbances, esophagitis |
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Indications for calcitonin?
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hypercalcemia
Paget dz vertebral fx prevent bone loss |
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adverse effects of calcitonin?
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GI disturbances
irritation to site if injected |
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What drug used to regulate bone calcification is also an analgesic for bone pain?
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calcitonin
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What are the primary and secondary effects of estrogen replacement therapy?
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Primary:maintain female sex characteristic
Secondary: maintain bone mineralization |
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What are the adverse effects of estrogen?
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CVD
CA |
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What are SERMs?
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selective estrogen receptor therapy
used for osteoporosis prevention |
