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163 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Amoxicillin
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Penicillin
(aminopenicillin) |
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Erythromycin
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macrolide
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Azithromycin
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macrolide
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Milk of magnesia
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Magnesium containing antacid
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Basaljel
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aluminum containing antacid
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amphojel
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aluminum containing antacid
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maalox
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aluminum containing antacid
calcium containing antacid |
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mylanta
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aluminum containing antacid
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tums
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calcium containing antacid
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Alka-seltzer
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sodium containing antacid
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lansoprazole
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proton pump inhibitor
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omeprazole
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proton pump inhibitor
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pantoprazole
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proton pump inhibitor
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rabeprazole
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proton pump inhibitor
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esomeprazole
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proton pump inhibitor
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proton pump inhibitors end/start with "-"
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-"prazole"
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H2 Receptor agonists end/start with "-"
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-"tidine"
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cimetidine
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H2 Receptor agonists
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famotidine
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H2 Receptor agonists
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ranitidine
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H2 Receptor agonists
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nizatidine
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H2 Receptor agonists
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sulfasalazine
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immunomodulators
-treats IBS |
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Ace inhibitors start/end with "-"
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-"pril"
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Calcium channel blockers start/end with "-"
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-"dipine"
except for 2 -diltiazem -verapamil |
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diltiazem
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calcium channel blocker
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verapamil
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calcium channel blocker
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clonidine
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centerally acting alpha2 receptor agonist
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loop diuretics start/end with "-"
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-"amide" or -"anide"
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hydrochlorothiazide
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thiazide diuretic
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chlorothiazide
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thiazide dieretic
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metalozone
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thiazide like
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chlorthalidone
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thiazide like
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indapamide
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thiazide like
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lipid lowering agents start/end with "-"
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-"statin"
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acyclovir
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antiviral
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trifluridine
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antiviral
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amantadine
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antiviral
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rimantadine
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antiviral
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zanamivir
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antiviral
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oseltamivir
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antiviral
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ribavirin
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antiviral
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cidofovir
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antiviral
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foscamet
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antiviral
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amphotericin B
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antifungal
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fluconazole
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antifungal
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voriconazole
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antifungal
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nystatin
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antifungal
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terbinafine
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antifungal
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amiloride
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potassium sparing diuretic
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spironolactone
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potassium sparing diuretic
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triamterene
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potassium sparing diuretic
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metolazone
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thiazide-like diuretic
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chlorthalidone
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thiazide-like diuretic
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indapamide
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thiazide-like diuretic
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dabigatran
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anticoagulant
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argatroban
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anticoagulant
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tirofiban
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antiplatelet
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eptifibatide
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antiplatelet
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abciximab
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antiplatelet
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antiplatelets start/end with "-"
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-usually -"grel" or "grol"
-except for tirofiban, eptifibatide, abciximab, and aspirin |
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Bile acid Sequestrants start/end with "-"
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"Cholest-" or "colest"
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cholestyramine
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bile acid sequestrant
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metaproterenol
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short acting beta 2 agonist
bronchodilator |
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Long acting beta agonist inhalers end/start in "-"
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end in -"meterol" or -"moterol"
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Anticholinergics end/start in "-"
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-end in -"tropium"
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Theophylline
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xanthine derivative
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Prednisone
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glucocortioid (PO)
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dexamethasone
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glucocorticoid (IV/IM)
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insulin lispro
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rapid acting
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insulin aspart
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rapid acting
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insulin glulisine
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rapid acting
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rapid acting
-onset -peak -duration |
O: 15 minutes
P: 1-2 hours D: 3-5 hours |
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Humulin R
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short acting insulin
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Novolin R
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short acting insulin
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short acting insulin
-onset -peak -duration |
O: 30-60 min
P- 2.5 hours D: 6-10 hours |
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Insulin Glargine
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long acting
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Insulin Detemir
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Long actin
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Long acting insulin onset
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1-2 hours
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Glimepiride
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Sulfonylureas
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glyburide
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sulfonylureas
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glipizide
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sulfonylureas
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sulfonyureas end/start with "_"
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-"ride" or -"zide
"Gly-" or "Gli-" |
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Metformin
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Biguanide
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Prediabetes dx criteria
-A1C -fasting glucose |
A1C: 5.7 - 6.4%
FG: 100-126 |
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DM II dx criteria
-A1C -random plasma glucose -fasting plasma glucose -2 hour plasma glucose |
A1C: >6.5%
Random: >200 w/symptoms Fasting: >126 2 Hour: >200 |
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Penicillin's MOA
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inhibits cell wall synthesis
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Macrolides MOA
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inhibits bacterial growth
-bactericidal binds to 50s -inhibits protein synthesis |
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Cephalosporins MOA
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-disrupts cell wall
-bactericidal |
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Tetracycline MOA
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-inhibits bacterial growth
-binds to 30s -inhibits protein synthesis |
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Sulfa Drugs MOA
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-inhibits folic acid synthesis
-inhibits growth |
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Aminoglycosides MOA
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-binds to 30s bacterial ribosomes
-inhibits protein synthesis -suppresses bacterial growth |
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Antifungals MOA
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-disrupts fungal membranes
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Vancomycin MOA
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-inhibits cell wall synthesis
-lyses and death of cell |
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Drug of choice for MRSA and staph?
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Vancomycin
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Clindamycin MOA
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-broad spectrum
-inhibits protein synthesis -bactericidal |
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Linezolid MOA
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-binds to 23s ribosomes
-inhibits protein synthesis -inhibits growth |
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Metronidazole MOA
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-kills bacterial cell by breaking DNA strand
-works against anaerobes |
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Antivirals MOA
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-blocks polymerase enzyme
-suppresses synthesis of new viral genome -results in impaired viral replication |
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Ferrous Sulfate MOA
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-O2 carrier in Hgb and myoglobin
-corrects IDA |
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Antacids MAO
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-neutralizes stomach acid
-does not prevent acid overproduction -reduces symptoms of heartburn |
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Proton Pump Inhibitors MOA
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-blocks the proton pump
-prevents H+ ions from moving out of parietal cells -blocks all gastric acid secretion |
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H2 Receptor Antagonists MOA
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-block the h2 receptor of acid producing parietal cells
-reduces but does not completely abolish acid secretion |
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Ace Inhibitors MOA
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-inhibits ACE
-conversts AT1 to AT2 -prevents breakdown of bradykinin -reduces afterload and vasodilation -reduces BP |
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what is the drug of choice for diabetic pts with HTN
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ace inhibitors
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Beta Blocker MOA
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-block Beta 1 receptors
-reduces heart rate -reduces secretion of renin which reduces secretion of AT2 -results in lower BP |
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Calcium Channel Blockers MOA
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-block binding of calcium to its receptor
-prevents muscle ontraction and promotes smooth muscle relaxation -reduces systemic vascular resistance -lowers BP |
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Centrally Acting Alpha2 Receptor Agonists MOA
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-stimulates alpha2-adrenergic receptors in the brain
-decreases sympathetic outflow from the CNS -Decreases norepinephrine production -reduces renin activity in the kidneys -lowers BP |
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Digoxin MOA:
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-increase myocardial contractility
-changes electrical conduction properties of the heart -decreases rate of electrical conduction -prolongs refractory period b/w SA and AV node |
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Digoxin Toxicity antidote
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Potassium
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Loop Diuretics MOA
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-blocks sodium readsorption in the thick ascending loop of Henle
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Potassium-Sparing Diuretics MOA
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-Blocks aldosterone action in the kidney
-prevents K+ from being pumped into tubule, thus preventing secretion -competitively blocks aldosterone receptors and inhibits action |
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Thiazide and thiazide-like diuretics MOA
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-Inhibits tubular resorption of sodium, chloride, and potassium
-works primarily in distal convoluted tubule -excretes water, sodium, and chloride -results in lowered peripheral vascular resistance |
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HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor MOA
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-most potent LDL reducer
-inhibits Hmg-CoA reductase which is used by liver to produce cholesterol |
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what is the first line drug therapy for hypercholesterolemia?
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-Hmg-CoA reductase inhibitors
-aka "statins" |
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Bile acid sequestrants MOA
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-prevent reabsorption of bile acids form small intestine
-no bile acids = no absorption of cholesterol |
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Anticoagulants MOA
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-inhibits the action of formation of clotting factors
-prevents clot formation -works on different areas of the clotting cascade -does not lyse existing clots |
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Heparin antidote
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-protamine sulfate
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what do we monitor with warfarin?
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prothrombin time and INR
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desired therapeutic INR level with warfarin?
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-2 - 3.5 INR
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Warfarin antidote
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vitamin K
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Antiplatelets MOA
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-inhibit platelet aggregation
-prevents platelet plugs |
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Beta 2 agonists MOA
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-begins at specific receptor stimulated
-dilates airway -activation of beta 2 receptors stimulates cAMP -relaxes smooth muscle in airways |
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Anticholinergics MOA
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-Ach causes ronchial constriction and narrowing of airways
-binds to Ach receptors -prevents bronchoconstriction and airways dilate |
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Theophylline MOA
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-increases levels of energy producing cAMP
-competitively inhibits phosphodiesterase (enzyme that breaks down cAMP) -results in smooth muscle relaxations, bronchodilations, and increased air flow |
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Cromolyn
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Mast cell Stabilizer
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Sulfonyureas MOA
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-stimulates insulin secretion from beta cells of pancreas
-beta cell function must be present -decrease liver glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis -increases cellular sensitivity to insulin |
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Biguanide MOA
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-decreases production of glucose by liver
-decrease intestine absorption of glucose -improve insulin sensitivity in tissues -does not affect beta cells or increase insulin production |
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alternate drug class for pts allergic to PCNs
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macrolides
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What med class treats serious/life-threatening infections caused by E. Coli, K. Pneumoniae, P. Mirabilis, P. Aeruginosa?
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aminoglycosides
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Vancomycin indications
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-severe infections only
-MRSA & staph -antibiotic induced Pseudomembranous colitis |
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Metronidazole indications
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-infection of abdominal organs (pseudomembranous colitis)
-PUD caused by H. pylori -Helminthic infection |
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Proton Pump Inhibitors indications
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-GERD
-PUD -zollinger-ellison syndrome |
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H2 receptor antagonist indications
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-GERD
-PUD -GI disorders |
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ACE inhibitors indications
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-CHF
-HTN |
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Beta Blockers indications:
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-HTN
-angina -MI -tremor |
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Calcium Channel Blockers indications
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-angina
-HTN -dysrhythmias |
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Digoxin indications:
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-HF
-atrial fibrillation -supraventricular dysrhythmias |
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Loop diuretics Indications
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-HTN
-Hypercalcemia -CHF -Fluid overload |
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Potassium sparing diuretics indications
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-HTN
-reversing K+ loss -CHF |
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Thiazide and thiazide-like diuretic indications
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-Edema
-HTN -CHF -Ascites r/t HF |
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Hmg-CoA reductase inhibitor indications
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-hypercholesterolemia
-hyperlipidemia |
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Anticoagulant indications
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-clot formation prevention
-MI -unstable angina -atrial fibrillation |
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antiplatelets indication:
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-reduces risk of fatal and nonfatal strokes
-acute unstable angina -MI |
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Beta 2 Agonist indication
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-bronchospasm r/t asthma and bronchitis
-treats and prevents asthma attacks |
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anticholinergics indications
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-COPD and emphysema
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Theophylline indication
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-asthma
-chronic bronchitis -emphysema -mild-mod acute asthma attacks -COPD maintainance |
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Sulfonylureas indications
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-DM II w/ working pancreas
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Biguanide indication
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-newly diagnosed DM II
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aminoglycosides end/start with "-"
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"-acin", "-icin", or "-mycin"
-dont confuse with macrolides |
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Quinolones end/start with "-"
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"-floxacin"
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Sulfonamides end/start with "-"
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"sulfa-"
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Cephalosporins end/start with "-"
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"ceph-", "cef-"
or "-cef" |
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Amoxicillin
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aminoPCN
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ampicillin
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aminoPCN
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aminopenicillins:
|
ampicillin and amoxicillin
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Macrolides end/start with "-"
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"-mycin"
dont confuse with aminoglycosides |
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tetracyclines end/start with "-"
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"-cycline"
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Alpha 1 blockers end/start with "-"
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"-zosin"
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Carvedilol
|
duel A1 and B Blocker
|
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Labetalol
|
dues A1 and B blocker
|
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2 duel A1 and B blockers
|
"carved and labeled"
-carvedilol -labetalol |
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ARBS end/start with "-"
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"-sartan"
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Anticoagulants end/start with "-"
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most have "-arin" at end or in middle
-except for dabigatran and argatroban |
