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219 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
antineoplastic--inhibits thymidylate synthatase; inhibits RNA synthesis
I:used for colon and breast CA SE: Delayed toxicity: nausea, oral and GI ulcers, bone marrow depression |
5-Fluorouracil (5-FU)
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Analgesic, antipyretic-unknown mechanism; not anti0inflammatory
I: Pain; fever SE: Liver toxicity at high doses Notes: Overdose treated with N-acetylcysteine |
Acetaminophen [Tylenol]
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Diuretic--carbonic anhydrase inhibitor on PCT and DCT; decreases production of aqueous humor in the eye
I: Diuresis; glaucoma; high altitude SE: Metabolic acidosis |
Acetazolamide [Diamox]
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Muscarinic agonist
I: Eye sx (miotic) contraindicated for patients with peptic ulcer, asthma, hyprthyroidism, or parkiinsonism |
Acetylcholine
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Anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, analgesic-acetylates COX irreversibly
I: Articular, msk pain, chronic pain; acute gout SE: Irritates GI; inhibits platelet aggression; causes hypersensitivity rxns notes: contraindicated in children with the flu (leads to Reye's syndrome), gouty patients |
Acetylsalicytic acid (aspirin)
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Increases production of steroids by the adrenal gland (zona fasciculata)
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ACTH (corticotropin)
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Antiviral--guanosine analog; inhibits DNA polymerase
I: Herpes, varicella, EBV, CMV (at high doses) SE: GI disturbances; CNS; renal problems; headache; tremor; rash |
Adenosine
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Bronchodilation -- beta2agonist
I: Asthma |
Albuterol
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Acts at GABA receptor
I: Sedative; hypnotic; depressive action on brain |
Alcohol (EtOH)
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Bone stabilizer-pyrophosphate analog; reduces hydroxyapatite crystal formation, growth, and dissolution, which reduces bone turnover
I: Hypercalcemia of malignancy; Paget's dz; osteoporosis; hyperparathyroidism |
Allendronate [Fosamax]
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Antigout-competitive inhibitor of xanthine oxidase
I: Chronic gout (due to renal obstruction or impairment or overproduction); rheumatic arthritis SE: Rash; fever; GI problems; hepatotoxicity; inhibition in the metabolism of other drugs; enhance effect of axathioprine |
Allopurinol [Zyloprim]
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Impotency therapy; Prostaglandin E1
I: Impotence; maintain patent ductus arteriosus SE: Penile pain; prolonged erection; flushing, bradicardia, tachycardia, hypotension, apnea |
Alprostadil [Vasoprost]
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Antiviral-anti-parkinsonian; inhibits fusion of lysosomes; inhibits uncoating; increases release of endogenous dopamine
I: Influenza A; Parkinson's dz SE: Anticholinergic; nervousness; insomnia; drowsiness; GI disturbances |
Amantadine
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Antibiotic- binds 30s ribosome subunits: bacteriostatic at low concentration; bactericidal at high concentration
I: Broad spectrum: gram positive and negative; good for bone infections SE: Auditory, vestibular, renal toxicity; nausea; vomiting; vertico; allergic skin rash; super-infections |
Aminoglycosides
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Antiarrhythmic (class III)-K+ channel blocker
I: Ventricular/supraventricular arrhythmias SE: Bradycardia; heart block/failure; pulmonary fibrosis; photodermatitis Notes: Also functions as class IA, 2, and 4 |
Amiodarone
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Antidepressant--TCA; blocks 5HT and NE reuptake
I: Sedative; anti-depressant; prophylaxis for migraines |
Amitriptyline [elavil]
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Antibiotic-inhibits B-lactamase; syndergistic w/ penicillins
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Amoxicillin + Clavulanic acid [Augmentin]
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Stimulant-releases NE, 5HT, dopamine
I: Narcolepsy; attention deficit d/o; weight reduction SE: Psychosis; hallucination |
Amphetamine
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Antifungal-binds to cell membrane sterols (esp. ergosterol); forms pores in membrane; fungicidal
I:Candida, Histoplasma, Cryptococcus, Sporothrix SE: Hypersensitivity; flushing; chills; fever; headache; pain; hypotension; convulsions; thrombophelebitis; anemai; vomiting; impairment of renal function |
Amphotericin B [Fungizone]
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Antihypertensive--B1 Blocker
I: Hypertension, angina |
Atenolol
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Lipid lowering agent--inhibits HMG-CoA reductase; lowers LDL
I: Hyperlipidemia (esp. type II) SE: Liver toxicity; myopathy; mild GI disturbances Notes: Contraindicated in pregnant or lactating women and children |
Atorvastatin [Lipitor
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Cholinergic blocker
I: Dries salivary secretions; Parkinson's dz; peptic ulcer; diarrhea; GI spasm; bladder spasm; COPD; asthma; cholinomemetic poisoning; antidiarrheal; anti-emetic; high dose: vasodilation due to histamine release SE: dry mouth; hyperthermia; mydriasis; tachycardia; hot and flushed skin; agitation; delerium Notes: contraindicated in pts w/ glaucoma and men with BPH |
Atropine
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Immunosuppressant-purine antagonist; inhibits nucleic acid metabolism; blocks both CMI and humoral response
I: Transplant (esp. kidney); acute glomerulonephritis; renal component of lupus; rheumatoid arthitis Notes: metabolized by xanthine oxidase |
Azathioprine
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Muscarinic agonist
I: Atony of bladder; paralytic ileum Notes: c/i in pts as peptic ulcer, asthma, hyperthyroid, Parkinson's |
Bethanechol
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Antineoplastic-DNA alkylation and cross-linking
I: Cancer SE: Nausea; vomiting; bone marrow suppression; alopecia; teratogenicity; carcinogenicity |
Bis-chloroethylamines (nitrogen mustards)
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Anti-ulcer, antidiarrheal-cytoprotective
I: Bactericidal for H. pylori (with ranitidine and clarithromycin) |
Bismuth
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Presynaptic neuromuscular junction blocker-overstimulates ACh release
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Black widow spider venom
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Antineoplastic-binds, intercalats, and cuts DNA
I: Cancer SE: Fever; blistering; stomatitis; pulmonary fibrosis |
Bleomycin
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Neuromuscular blocker-pre-synaptic neuromuscular jxn blocker; prevents ACh release
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Botulinum [Botox]
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Antiarrhythmic (Class III)-K+ channel blocker
SE: Arrhythmias; orthostatic, hypotension; nausea; vomiting |
Bretylium
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Anti-Parkinson's-agonist at D2; partial antagonist at D1
I: Parkinson's dz; acromegaly (paradoxical effect-releases growth hormone from normal pituitary) SE: Inhibits prolactin release |
Bromocriptine
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Antidepressant-agonist at Da2, 5HT
I: Depression; smoking cessation |
Buproprion
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Opiod analog-mixed agonist/antagonist action
I: Similar to pentazocine |
Butorphanol
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Stimulant-phosphodiesterase inhibitor, resulting in increased cAMP; stimulates CNS and cardiac mm; relaxes smooth mm; produces diuresis; increases cerebrovascular resistance
I: Acute migrane attack |
Caffeine
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Hypocalcemic agent
anti-osteoporotic agent; lowers plasma Ca++ and phophate; inhibits bone and kidney reabsorption I: Hypercalcemia; Paget's dz; osteoporosis |
Calcitonin
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Dietary Ca++ supplement
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Calcium lactate
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Antihypertensive-heart failure agent; post-MI agent; vasodilator; ACE inhibitor
I: Congestive heart failure SE: Postural hypotension; renal insufficiency; hyperkalemia; persistant dry cough Notes: contraindicated in pregnancy |
Captopril
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Anti-epileptic-Na+ channel blocker; decreases glutamate (and other excitatory neurotransmitters)
I: Epilepsy (partial and tonic-clonic); trigeminal neuralgia SE: Agranulocytosis Notes: Induces cytochrome P450 |
Carbamazepine
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Anti-Parkinsons-inhibits decarboxylase (L-DOPA to dopamine) in peiphery
I: Parkinson's dz; used w/ levodopa |
Carbidopa
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Antibiotic-inhibits transpeptidase and cell wall synthesis
3rd generation cephalosporins are used for meningitis, Klebsiella, Lyme dz, and gram - bacteria SE: Allergic rxns; pain at injection site; thrombophlebitis; bleeding d/o Notes: 1st generation: cefazolin, cephalexin 2nd generation: cefaclor, cefoxitin, cefuroxime 3rd generation: ceftriaxone 4th generation: cefepime |
Cephalosporins
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Antibiotic-binds 50s ribosome subunits; bacteriostatic, but bactericidal versus H. flu and N. menigitidis
I: Broad-spectrum v. gram negatives; typhoid fever; salmonella; Rocky Mountain spotted fever in children SE: Red cell anemia; bone marrow aplasia; gray baby syndrome Notes: Interactions w/ phenytoin, warfarin, or coumarin; inhibits P450 |
Chloramphenicol
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Anti-malarial-uncertain mechanism
I: Suppression of malerial and treatment of acute attack; amebiasis; clonorchis; rheumatic arthritis; SLE SE: Headache; GI disturbances; visual disturbances; pruritis; rolonged therapy may lead to retinopathy |
Chloraquin phosphate
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Lipid lowering--inpedes fat absorption; lowers LDL; binds cholesterol metabolites
I: reduction of cholesterol SE Steatorrhea; constipation; imparement of absorption of drugs/vitamins Notes: Inhibits warfarin absorption |
Cholestyramine
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Cimetidine
I: Prophylaxis for falciparum; suppressionn of vivax SE: Minor GI upset |
Chlorquanide
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Quinolone antibiotic-blocks DNA synthesis by inhibiting DNA gyrase
I: G - infections (esp UTI and bone): Pseudomonas, enterobacteriacae, Neisseria; G + infections; intracellular: Legionella SE: GI disturbances; headache; dizziness; phototoxicity; cartilage damage Notes: may elevat theophylline to toxic levels causing seizure |
Ciprofloxacin
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Antibiotic-binds 50s ribosome subunits; bacteriostatic, but bactericidal versus H. flu and N. menigitidis
I: Broad-spectrum v. gram negatives; typhoid fever; salmonella; Rocky Mountain spotted fever in children SE: Red cell anemia; bone marrow aplasia; gray baby syndrome Notes: Interactions w/ phenytoin, warfarin, or coumarin; inhibits P450 |
Chloramphenicol
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Anti-malarial-uncertain mechanism
I: Suppression of malerial and treatment of acute attack; amebiasis; clonorchis; rheumatic arthritis; SLE SE: Headache; GI disturbances; visual disturbances; pruritis; rolonged therapy may lead to retinopathy |
Chloraquin phosphate
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Lipid lowering--inpedes fat absorption; lowers LDL; binds cholesterol metabolites
I: reduction of cholesterol SE Steatorrhea; constipation; imparement of absorption of drugs/vitamins Notes: Inhibits warfarin absorption |
Cholestyramine
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Cimetidine
I: Prophylaxis for falciparum; suppressionn of vivax SE: Minor GI upset |
Chlorquanide
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Anti-neoplastic-cross-links DNA
I: Cancer SE: Bone marrow and renal toxicity; cystitis; peripheral neuropathy; ototoxicity; alopecia (severe) |
Cisplatin
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Antibiotic-binds to 50s subunits; bacteriostatic or bactericidal
I: G+ bone infections; anarobic infections SE: Severe diarrhea; potentially fatal pseudomembranous colitis due to Clostridium difficile |
Clindamycin
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Ovarian stimulant-partial estrogen receptor agonist; decreases estrogen feedback inhibition of GnRH; leads to increase in gonadotropin secretion
I: stimulates ovulation in infertility SE: Ovarian enlargement |
Clomiphene
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Antiepileptic-benzodiazepine
I: epilepsy (absence seizures) |
Clonazepam
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Antihypertensive - alpha 2-agonist
Hypertension; smoking withdrawal; heroine and cocaine withdrawal Drowsiness; dry mouth; rebound hypertension after abrupt withdrawal |
Clonidine
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Antifungal-inhibit ergosterol synthesis, so cell membrane can't form
I: topical use against dermatophytes, ringworm, fungi, mold, and oral candidiasis in AIDS |
Clotrimazole
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Antibiotic-Beta lactam; penicilinase resistant
I: Staph infections |
Cloxacillin
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Antipsychotic-blocks D2 and 5-HT2 receptors; also blocks D4
I: Anti-psychotic SE: Orthostatic hypotension; sedation; agranulocytosis |
Clozapine
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CNS stimulant-blocks NE, 5HT, & Dopa reuptake
I: local anesthetic SE: Vasocx; HTN; nasal mucus ischemia |
Cocaine
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Opiod agonist
I: Good anti-tussive; moderate for pain SE: Constipation |
Codeine
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Antigout-inhibits phagocytosis and secretion of inflammatory mediators; decreases LTB4
I: Acute gout SE: N/V/D/ abd pain Notes: C/I in elderly & pts w/ GI, CV, & renal DO |
Colchicine
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Glucocorticoid-induces new protein synthesis; increases gluconeogenesis and lipolysis; reduces peripheral glucose use; catabolic effect on mm, bone, skin, fat, lymph tissue; anti-inflammatory; immunosuppressant
I: Adrenal insufficiency; conginital adrenal hyperplasia; dx of pituitary-adrenal d/o; reduce inflammation (esp. chronic); leukemia; decrease hypercalceimia SE: Iatrogenic cushing's syndrome; redistribution of fat; acne; insomnia; weight gain; hypokalemia; decrease in skeletal mm; osteoporosis; hyperglycemia; ulcers; psychosis; cataracts; increased suscceptibity to infections; growth suppression in children |
Cortisol
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Anti-asthmatic-anti-allergic; inhibits histamine release from mast cells
I: Prophylaxis for asthma SE: Laryngeal edema (rare) |
Cromolyn
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Immunosuppressant-alkylating agent; destroys proliferating lymphoid cells; alkylates resting cells
I: Transplant rejection; rheumatoid arthritis SE: GI & bone marrow toxicity; hemorrhagic cystitis |
Cyclophosphamide
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Immunosuppressant-inhibits T-helper cell activity; inhibits IL-2, IL-3 & INF-gamma formation by T-helper cells
I: transplant rejection SE: Nephrotoxic; hepatotoxic; HTN; incrased incidence of viral infection and lymphoma |
Cyclosporine
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Testosterone derivative-weak agonist for androgen, progesterone, and glucocorticoid receptors
I: Endometriosis and fibrocystic dz SE: Masculinization in females; gynecomastia in males |
Danazol
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Non-centrally acting muscle relaxant-decrease Ca++ from sarcoplasmic reticulum
I: Malignant HTN SE: Hepatotoxic |
Dantrolene
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Antineoplastic-oxidases free radicals; breaks DNA; intercalates into DNA; affects plasma membrane
I: Cancer SE: Cardiac changes resulting in cumulative cardiotoxicity |
Daunorubicin
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Metal chelator
I: Acute toxicity of iron SE: Hypotensive shock; neurotoxic if long-term use |
Deferoxamine
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Antidiuretic-recruits water channels to luminal membrane in collecting duct
I: Anti-diuresis SE: Overhydration; allergic rxn; larger doses result in pallor, diarrhea, HTN, coronary constriction, chronic rhinopharyngitis Notes: Synthetic analog to vasopressin; intranasal administration |
Desmopressin (DDAVP)
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Corticosteroid-reduces lymph node and spleen size; inhibits cell cycle activity of lymphoid cells; lyses T-cells; suppresses antibody; prostaglandin, and leukotriene synthesis; blocks monocyt produciton of IL-1
I: Anti-emeetic; autoimmune d/o; allergic reactions; asthma; organ transplant (esp. during rejection crisis) SE: Insomnia; epigastric disturbances; cushingoid rxn; psychosis; glucose intolerance; infection; hypertension; cataracts |
Dexamethasone
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Anti-anxiety; bensodiazepine-enhances GABA; increase IPSP amplitude
I: Sedative; hypnotic; anti-anxiety; anti-epileptic (status epilepticus, grand mal) SE: Sedation |
Diazepam
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Antiviral-reverse transcriptase inhibitor
I: AIDS SE: Abd cramps; diarrhea; peripheral neuropathy; acute pancreatitis |
Dideoxyinisine [ddI]
Didanosine [ddA] |
|
Inotropic agent-cardiac glycoside; increases cardiac contractility
I: Severe left ventricular systolic dysfunction; antiarrhythmic SE: Progressive dysrhythmia; anorexia; nausea; vomiting; headache; fatigue; confusion; blurred vision; altered color perception; haloes around dark objects Notes: C/I in pts by right sided heart failure, diastolic failure; ECG changes: increases PR, decreases QT, depresses ST, inverts T |
Digoxin
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Antiarrhythmic (Class IV)-Ca++ blocker
I: Angina; AV node arrhythmia; decreases blood pressure |
Diltiazem
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Anti-parkinson's antihistamine; anti-emetic; muscarinic blocker; H1 blocker
I: Parkinson's dz; asthma; motion sickness; anti-emetic SE: Sedation; CNS depression; atropine-like effects; allergic dermatitis; blood dyscrasias; teratogenicity; acute anti-histamine poisoning |
Diphenhydramine
|
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Anti-alcoholic agent-inhibits aldehyde dehydrogenase
I: Etoh injestion SE: tachycardia; hyperventilation; nausea |
Disulfiram
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Inotropic agent-beta agonist; positive inotropic effects on the heart and vasodilation
I: Acute heart failure; incrases cardiac output |
Dobutamine
|
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non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocker
|
d-Tubocurarine
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Cholinesterase inhibitor
I: Dx of myasthenia gravis; emergency anesthetic |
Edrophonium
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Antihypertensive-vasodilator; ACE inhibitor
I:CHF SE: Postural hypotension; renal insufficiency; hyperkalemia; persistant dry cough CI: Pregnancy |
Enalapril
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Bronchodilation-mixed adrenergic agonist
I: Stimulates NE release; anti-tussive; myasthenia gravis SE: Increases BP |
ephedrine
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Prostacyclin-increases cardiac index, stroke volume; decreases pulmonary vascular resistance and mean systemic pressure
I: pulmonary HTN |
Epoprostenol
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Anti-migraine-vasocxn
I: Attack of migranes SE: Gangrene due to vasocxn C/I: pregnant pts or pts w/ CV dz |
Ergotamine
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Antibiotic-binds to the 23s of the 50s ribosome subunes
I: 1st choice for cell wall deficient bugs: Mycoplasma, Rickettsia, Clamydia, Legionella; Cornybacterium diphtheria |
Erythromycin
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Colony stimulating factor
I: Anemia; renal defects; AIDS SE: HTN |
Erythropoietin (EPO)
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Prostacyclin-increases cardiac intex, stroke volume; decreases pulmonary vascular resistance and mean systemic pressure
I: pulmonary HTN |
Epoprostenol
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Antiarrhythmic (class II) - Beta blocker
I: Block effect of catecholamines on heart; decreases activity of nodal tissue; slows sinus rate; depress AV conduction SE: Asthma; negative isotrope |
Esmolol
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Growth and development of female organs; linear bone growth; epiphyseal closure; endometrial growth; maintain responsiveness of breasts, uterus, and vagina; inhibits bone reabsorption; increases hepatic production of alpha-2-globulins, coagulation factors II,VII, IX, X and HDL; decreases antithrombin III and cholesterol
I: Osteoporosis; contraception; can be used in combo with progesterone SE: May lead to sodium and water retention; nausea; breast tenderness; hyperpigmentation; increased risk of bleeding, gallbladder dz, migranes, hypertension |
Estrogen
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Anesthetic agent
I: General anesthetic |
Ether
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H2blocker
I: Inhibits gastric acid secretion (esp. ulcer) SE: Gynecomastia; rare: headache, dizziness, fatigue, CNS, leukopenia, reduced sperm count Notes: Inhibits metabolism and/or absorption of some drugs |
Famotidine (pepsid)
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Opiod agonist
I: Analgesic; general anesthetic SE: Prolonged recovery; nausea |
Fentanyl
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Androgen hormone inhibitor-inhibits 5-alpha reductase
I: BPH |
Finasteroide
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Antifungal-inhibits ergosterrol synthesis, preventing cell membrane formation
I: Cryptococcal meningitis; oral candidiasis in AIDS SE: abdominal pain; nausea |
Fluconazole
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Antidepressant-antianxiety; SSRI
I: depression; anxiety; OCD SE: Agitation; tremors; mania; preocupation w/ suicide; nausea; headache; insomnia |
Fluoxetine
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Antineoplastic-competitive androgen receptor blocker
I: Metastatic prostate cancer |
Flutamide
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Loop diuretic-inhibits Na+/K+/Cl- reabsorption in the Loop of Henle
I: CHF; diuresis SE: Ototxicity; hyperuricemia; acute hypovolemia; hypokalemia; metabolic alkalosis; hyprglycemia |
Furosemide
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Antiviral-guanosine analog; inhibits DNA polymerase
I: CMV (esp. CMV retinitis in AIDS) SE: Bone marrow suppression; renal impairment, seizures |
Ganciclovir
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Antibiotic-aminoglycoside; binds 30s ribosome subunits; bacteriostatic at low concentration; bactericidal at high
I: G- meningitis C/I in neonates; peak and trough levels must be measured |
Gentamicin
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Hypoglycemia agent-sulfonylurea; reduces K+ efflux, increases Ca++ influx, increases secretion of insulin
I: oral tx for NIDDM (type II dbts) SE: hypoglycemia; GI disturbances; mm weakness; mental confusion |
Glipizide
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Hypoglycemic agent-sulfonyruea; reduces K+ efflux, increases Ca++ influx, increases secretion of insulin
I: oral tx for NIDDM (type II dbts) SE: hypoglycemia; GI disturbances; mm weakness; mental confusion |
Glybuteride
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Expectorant-increases bronchial secretion
I: Promotes cough |
Glyceryl guaiacolate
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Antimuscarinic
I: Bladder/GI spasm; decreases acid in ulcer |
Glycopyrrolate
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Controlls release of FSH, LH
I: stimulates pituitary fx |
GnRH
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Analog of GnRH-controls release FSH, LH
I: Stimulates pituitary fx |
Gonadorelin
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Antifungal-inhibit cell mitosis by disrupting mitontic spindles; binds to tubulin
I: Dermatophytes (esp. Trichophyton rubrum) SE: Headache; lethargy; mental confusion, fever, rash; nausea; vomiting diarrhea; hepatotoxic; photosensitivity |
Grisofulvin
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Causes liver to produce insulin-like growth factors (somatomedins)
I: Replacement tx in children and burn victims |
Growth hormone (somatotropin)
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Stimulates release of GH
I: Dwarfism SE: Pain at injection |
Growth hormone releasing hormone (GH-RH)
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Antihypertensive-interferes with NE release
I: Severe HTN SE: postural hypotension; impotence C/I: pts taking TCAs |
Guanethidine
|
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Antipsychotic-blocks D2 receptors
I: psychosis SE: Parkinsonism; tarditive dyskinesia |
Haloperidol
|
|
Antifungal-unknown MOA; fungistatic
I: Topical for tinea pedis |
Haloprogin
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Anesthetic agent
I: General anesthetic SE: Hepatotoxic; malignant hyperthermia (w/succinylcholine); arrhythmia C/I: adults |
Halothane
|
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Increases PTT by joining w/ antithrombin-III
I: DVT; pulmonary vein thrombosis SE: Overdose reversed by IV protamine sulfate; osteoporosis CI: Fast acting; does not cross placenta |
Heparin
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|
Metabolized to morphine
More lipid soluble than morphine |
Heroin
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Antihypertensive-vasodilator
I: CHF, HTF SE: Lupus-like rxn |
Hydralazine
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Diuretic-decrease Na++ absorption in the distal tubule by inhibiting the Na+/Cl- transport; reduced peripheral resistance
I: HTN, CHF SE: Hypokalemia; hyperuricemia; hypovolemia; hyperglycemia (esp. in dbts); hypercalcemia; hypersensitivity rxn |
Hydrochlorothiazide
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Antineoplastic-binds ribonucleotide reductase; inhibits formation of DNA
I: Melanoma; chronic myelogenous leukemia; sickle cell dz SE: N/V bone marrow suppression |
Hydroxyurea
|
|
NSAID
SE: fewer than aspirin |
Ibuprofen
|
|
Antiviral-protease inhibits
I: AIDS |
Indinavir
|
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NSAID
I: Closes PDA; gout |
Indomethacin
|
|
Antiviral-decrease protein synthesis
I: Genital warts; chronic hepatitis B and C; AIDS related Kaposi's sarcoma; laryngeal papillomatosis; hairy cell leukemia SE: Flu-like symptoms; tachycardia; fever; netropenia; headache; somulence; malise |
Interferon, alpha 2A and alpha 2b
|
|
Vitamin A anolog
I: Severe acne; psoriasis SE: Keratinization; teratogenic |
Isotretinoin
|
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Anesthetic agent
I: General anesthetic SE: Dissociative anesthesia; catotonia; hallucinations |
Ketamine
|
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antifungal-inhibits ergosterol synthesis, preventing cell membrane formation; inhibits gonadal steroid synthesis
I: Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis; blastomycosis; histoplasmosis; prostate carcinoma SE: N/V/D rash, headache anorexia; thrombocytopenia; gynecomastia; hepatotoxic notes: inhibits cytocrome P450 |
Ketoconazole
|
|
Antihypertensive- beta and alpha 1 blocker
I: HTN |
Labetolol
|
|
GnRH agonist-suppression of FSH, LH when given continuously
I: Prostate cancer; polycystic ovary dz; uterine fibroids; endometriosis |
Leuprolide
|
|
Anti-Parkinsonian agent- precursor of dopamine; administered with carbidopa (most often) or benserazide to inhibit carboxylase deactivation of levodopa in periphery
I: Parkinson's dz Notes: Inhibited by vit B6; do not give w/ MAOI or pyridoxine |
Levodopa
|
|
Quinolone antibiotic-blocks DNA synthesis by inhibiting DNA gyrase
I: G- infection (esp. UTI and bone): Pseudomonas, enterobacteriaceae; Neisseria; G + infections; intracellular: Legionella SE: GI disturbances; headache; dizziness; phototoxicity; cartilage damage C/I: May elevate theophylline to toxic levels causing seizure |
Levofloxacin
|
|
Synthetic analog of thyroid hormone T4
I: replaacement therapy for thyroid hormone |
Levothyroxine (T4)
|
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Antiarrhythmic (class IB), anesthetic agent-block Na+ channels intracellularly
I: Local anesthetic; ventricular tachycardia; post-MI ventricular tachycardia SE: Sleepiness; light-headed; visual/audio disturbances; restlessness; nystagmus; shivering; tonic-clonic convulsion; death C/I: Given w/ epi to maintain locality and increase duration of anesthetic properties via epinephrine mediated vasocxn |
Lidocaine
|
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Antihypertensive-vasodilator; ACE inhibitor
I: CHF SE: Postural hypotension; renal insufficiency; hyperkalemia; persistant dry cough C/I: Pregnancy |
Lisinopril
|
|
Antimanic agent
I: Manic-depression; cluster headache SE: dbts insipidus; ataxia; tremors; confusion; seizures |
Lithium carbonate
|
|
Antidiarrheal-similar to opiod agonist
I: Oral antidiarrheal |
Loperamide
|
|
Antihistamine
I: Seasonal allergies SE: Gynecomastia; rare: headache, dizziness, fatigue, CNS, weak anti-androgenic effect, leukopenia, reduced sperm count C/I: Inhibits metabolism and/ or absorption of some drugs |
Loratadine [Claritin]
|
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Antihypertensive-ATN II receptor antagonist
I: HTN SE: dizziness; URI; headache |
Losartan
|
|
Lipid lowering agent-inhibits HMG-CoA reductase; lowers LDL
I: Hyperlipidemia (esp. type II) SE: Liver toxicity; myopathy; mild GI disturbances C/I: pregnant/lactating women or children |
Lovastatin
|
|
Opiod agonist
I: Analgesic; acute migrane attacks SE: CNS exitation at high doses; histamine release C/I: pts w/ MAO inhibitors (results in hyperpyrexia) |
Meperedine
|
|
Opiod agonist-synthetic
I: Maitnenance therapy for heroin addiction |
Methadone
|
|
Thyrotoxic agent-inhibits peroxidase enzyme in thyroid; decreases synthesis of thyroid hormone
I: Hyperthryoidism SE: Agranulocytosis |
Methimazole
|
|
Antineoplastic-dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor; immunosuppressant
I: rheumatic arthritis; bone marrow transplant; acute lymphocytic and myelogenous leukemia; choriocrcinoma; lung cancer SE: oral and GI ulceration; bone marrow suppression; thrombocytopenia; leukopenia; hepatotoxic notes: Leucovarin is given as an adjuvant after tx |
Methotrexate
|
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Antihypertensive-inhibits sympathetic outflow; centrally acting
I: HTN SE: Hemolytic anemia C/I: Positive Coombs' test |
Methyldopa
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Anti-migrane-5HT antagonist and weak vasoconstrictor
I: Prophylaxis of migrane SE: GI distress; inflammatory fibrosis of kidney, lung and cardiac valves C/I: in pts by peripheral vascular dz, CAD, & pregnancy; pt placed on drug holiday to prevent SE |
Methysergide
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GI stimulant-stimulates Ach (D2 and 5HT3 antagonist); pro-kinetic
I: Anti-emetic; relief of nausea from migrane; increases stomach motility SE: Sleepiness; fatigue; headache; insomnia; dizziness; nausea |
Metoclopramide
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Non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocker
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Metocurine
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Antibiotic-penetrates cell membrane and gives off nitro moiety; reacts w/ DNA; inhibits replication; bactericidal
I: B. Fragilis (esp. for endocarditis and CNS); amebiasis; giardiasis SE: N/V disulfram-like rxn to etoh; metalic taste; paresthesia; stomatitis; carcinogenic and mutagenic C/I: pregnancy |
Metronidazole
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Immunosuppressant-monoclonal antibody against CD3 on T-lymphocytes
I: Acute rejection of renal transplants |
Muromonab (OKT3)
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Muscarinic agonist
SE: Abdominal pain; diarrhea; brochoconstriction C/I: peptic ulcer, asthma, hyperthyroid, Parkinson's dz |
Muscarine
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Mucolytic-replenish glutathione
I: Overdose of acetaminophen; liquefy sputum to assist expulsion |
n-Acetylcysteine
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Antagonist of all opiods
I: Drug of choice for opioid antagonism SE: Ineffective to use agonist barbituate overdose but safe |
Naloxone
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Inhibits cholinesterase
I: Paralytic ileus; neurogenic bladder; myasthenia gravis |
Neostigmine
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Nicotinic agonist
I: Stop smoking |
Nicotine
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Antianginal-Ca++ blocker
I: Angina SE: Dizziness; nausea; headache; gingival problems |
Nifedipine
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Antianginal-stimulates synthesis of cGMP leading to mm relaxation via NO formation
I: angina SE: Headache; orthostatic hypotension; syncope Notes: Short acting |
Nitroglycerine
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Antifungal0binds to cell membrane sterols (esp. ergosterol); forms pores in membrane; fungicidal
I: Mucosal candida infections (skin, vaginal, GI) SE: few |
Nystatin
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Analog of somatostatin-decreases release of GH, gastrin, secretin, VIP, CCK, glucagon, insulin, calcitonin, PH, renin, and TSH
I: Acromegaly; glucagonoma; insulinoma SE: Nausea; cramps; gallstones |
Octreotide
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Anti-ulcer-proton pump inhibitor; blocks H+/K+ ATPase
I: Reduce acid secretion Notes: Inhibits cytochrome P450; Given w/ clarithromycin and amoxicillin for H. pylori |
Omeprazole
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Anti-emetic-5HT3 blocker
I: Emesis (due to cancer tx) SE: Headache; constipation; dizziness |
Ondansetron
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Stimulates uterine contraction; contraction of breast myoepithelial cells; milk letdown reflex
I: Induce labor |
Oxytocin
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Antibiotic-inhibits transpeptidase and cell wall synthesis
I: G+ bacteria-anerobic, some anaerobic, and spirochetes SE: Allergic rxns; platelet aggregation problems; direct CNS toxicity; superinfections |
Penicillin
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Barbiturate-prolongs IPSP duration
I: anti-epileptic (partial and tonic clonic); cerebral edema; anesthetic |
Phenobarbital
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Anti-hypertensive-alpha blocker
I: Dx of pheochromocytoma; hypertension (esp. tyrosine induced) |
Phentolamine
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NSAID
I: Rheumatic arthrits; acute gout SE: Agranulocytosis; aplastic anemia |
Phenylbutazone
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Anti-epileptic-decreases Na+ flux
I: Epilepsy (partial and tonic-clonic); digitalis-induced arrhythmia SE: Decreases folic acid; gingival hyperplasia; hirsutism; nystagmus Notes: Induced cytochrome P450 |
Phenytoin
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Inhibits cholinesterases
I: Intestinal or bladder atony; glaucoma |
Physostigmine
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Anti-glaucoma-muscarinic agonist
I: Xerostomia; narrow and open angle glaucoma SE: Focusing problems; nausea; abdominal pain; sweating; hight doese: bradycardia, hypotension C/I: pts w/ peptic ulcer, asthma, hyperthyroid, Parkinson's dz |
Pilocarpine
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Antibiotic-disrupts cell membranes; bactericidal
I: G- bacteria: Pseudomonas and coliform; topical only ; intrathecal for pseudomonas meningitis SE: Neurotoxic; nephrotoxic |
Polymyxins
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Anticholine esterase reactivator
I: Overdose of malthion/parathion organophosphates; must be used before aging occurs |
Pralidoxime
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Antihypertensive-alpha1blocker
I: pheochromocytoma; HTN SE: Postural hypotension |
Prazosin
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Glucocorticoid-inhibits protein synthesis; reduce LN and spleen size; inhibits cell cycle activity of lymphoid cells; lyse T-cells; suppress antibody, prostaglandin, and leukotriene synthesis; block monocyte production of IL-1
I: rheumatic arthritis; autoimmune d/o; allergic reaction; asthma; organ transpland (esp. during rejection crisis) SE: Osteoporosis; cushingoid rxn; psychosis; glucose intolerance; infection; hypertension; cataracts |
Prednisone
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Antimalarial-unknown mechanis
I: Cures vivax malaria; prophylaxis for falciparum maleria SE: GI disturbances; mild anemia; mark hemolysis in G-6PD deficient individuals; prolongs QT interval |
Primaquine phosphate
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Antigout-small dose inhibits tubule excretion; large dose inhibits tubule reabsorption (e.g., promotes excretion) of uric acid
I: Chronic gout SE: Rash; GI disturbances; drowsy C/I: Acute gout |
Probenecid
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Antiarrhythmic (Class IA)-Na+channel blocker
I: Ventricular arrhythmia SE: Lupus-like syndrome |
Procainamide
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Hormone-secretory changes in endometrium and breast; necessary to maintain pregnancy
I: Tx primary hypogonadism; relief of menopause; decrease osteoporosis; suppress dysmenorrhea and excess androgen secretion by ovary; used in combo w/ estrogen for oral contraception SE: Long-lasting suppression of menses; endometriosis; hirsutism; bleeding d/o; nausea; breast tenderness; hyperpigmentation; gallbladder dz; migranes; hypertension |
Progesterone
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Stimulates lactation of breast
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Prolactin
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Antihypertensive; anti-anginal; antiarrhythmic (Class II)-anti-migrane; B-blocker
I: HTN; angina; MI; arrhythmias; prophylaxis of migrane SE: Reduces renin secretion |
Propranolol
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Inhibits peroxidase enzyme in thyroid; decreases synthesis of thyroid hormone
I: HYperthyroidism SE: Agranulocytosis |
Propylthiouracil {PTU)
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Inhibits cholinesterase
I: Myasthenia gravis |
Pyridostigmine
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Antiarrhythmic (class IA)-Na+ channel blocker
I: Arrhythmias; acute malarial infection SE: May precipitate arrhythmias at high doses; N/V/D; cinchonism: tinnitus, headache, disturbed vision, renal damage; hemolytic anemia; purpura; agranulocytosis C/I: Torsades des Pontes |
Quinidine
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Antimalarial-unknown mechanism
I: Supression and tx of acute attach of chloroquine-resistant organism SE: Cinchonism: tinnitis, headache, nausea, disturbed vision; renal damage; hemolytic anemia; purpura;agranulocytosis |
Quinine
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Destroys thyroid gland
I: Hyperthyroidism SE: Hypothyroidism |
Radioiodide (I-131)
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H2 blocker
I: Inhibits gastric acid secretion (esp. ulcer) SE: Gynecomastia; rare: headache, dizziness, fatigue, CNS, leukopenia, reduced sperm count C/I: inhibits metabolism and/or absorption of some drugs |
Ranitidine
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Rh immunoglobin
I: Prevents hemolytic dz of the newborn |
RhoGam
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Antiviral-guanosine analog; inhibits DNA polymerase
I: Broad spectrum against DNA (herpes) and RNA (influenza A and B); RSV in children SE: Headache; rash; fatigue; dyspnea |
Ribavirin
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Antibiotic-inhibits DNA dependant RNA polymerase
I: Mycobacterium SE: Orange body fluids C/I: Interferes w/ birth control pills by increasing estrogen metabolism; induces cytochrome P450 |
Rifampin
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Phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor (cGMP specific)
I: Erectile dysfunction SE: Abnormal vision; UTI's; CV events; priapism; dyspepsia |
Sildenafil
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Hormone-decreases release of GH, gastrin, secretin, VIP, CCK, glucagon, insulin, calcitonin, PTH, renin, and TSH
I: Acromegaly; glucagonoma; insulinoma SE: Nausea; cramps; gallstones |
Somatostatin
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K+ sparing diuretic; aldosterone antagonist acts at DCT
I: Diuresis SE: Hyperkalemia; gynecomastia; impotence; GI disturbances |
Spironolactone
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Thrombolytic-plasminogen activator
I: Lysis of clots SE: Hemorrhage |
Streptokinase
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Antibiotic-aminoglycoside; binds 30s ribosome subunits; bacteriostatic at low concentration; bactericidal at high
I: TB and other mycobacteria |
Streptomycin
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Depolarizing neuromuscular blocker
SE: Increases intra-ocular pressure; scoline apnea in genetically defective pseudocholinesterase; malignant hyperthermia if given w/ halothane C/I: in pts w/ glaucoma, antibiotics |
Succinylcholine
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Antibiotic-competitive inhibitor of dihydropteroate synthetase (blocks folic acid synthesis)
I: Broad spectrum; G+ UTI; Chlamydia infection of genital tract and eye; tx of nocardiosis SE: Form crystals in kidney and bladder causign damage, nausea, vomiting, headace |
Sulfonamides
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Antimigrane-agonist at 5-HT receptors
I: Acute attack of migrane |
Sumatriptan [Imitrex]
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Alzheimer's agent-noncompetitive cholinesterase inhibitor; muscarinic agonist
I: Alzheimer's dz |
Tacrine
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Antineoplastic-competitive estrogen receptor blocker
I: Treats estrogen dependant breast cancer in post-menopausal women; reduce contralateral breast cancer SE: May increse risk of other cancer; hot flashes; flushing |
Tamoxifen
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Bronchodilator-B2 agonist
I: Bronchodilates to treat asthma; inhibit pre-term labor; relax uterus |
Terbutaline
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Antibiotic-binds 30s ribosome subunits; bacteriostatic
I: Broad spectum including Chlamydia, Rickettsia, and Mycoplasma SE: Liver toxicity; depressionof bone/teeth development; phototoxic reactions; superinfections due to broad spectrum; Fanconi's syndrome C/I: pregnancy and children |
Tetracycline
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Bronchodilator-unknown mechanism; stimulates CNS, cardiac muscle; relaxes smooth muscle; produces diuresis; increases cerebral vascular resistance
I: Asthma Notes: Tolerance develops |
Theophylline
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Antihelminthic
I: Strongyloides; Ancylostoma (hookworm); Enterobius (pinworm); Trichuris (whipworm) SE: Vomiting; diarrhea; dizziness; bradycardia; hypotension; paresthesias; yellow vision; angioneurotic edema; perianal rashes |
Thiabendazole
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Inhibits ADP-induced platelet aggregation; acts on ADP receptor
I: Transient ischemic attack (TIA); stroke |
ticlopidine
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Thrombolytic-plasminogen activator
I: Lysis of clots SE: Hemorrhage |
t-PA
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Antibiotic-competitive inhibition of dihydrofolate reductase (blocks folic acid synthesis)
I: G- UTI; combined w/ sulfonamides to tx UTI, otitis media, chronic bronchitis, shigellosis, and PCP |
Trimethoprim
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Increase output of thyroid hormone
I: Assess thyroid fx; increase uptake of I-131 in thyroid carcinoma |
TSH (thyrotropin)
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Thrombolytic agent-plasminogen activator
I: Lysis of clots SE: Hemorrhage |
Urokinase
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Antiviral-guanosine analog; inhibits DNA polymerase
I: Herpes; Varicella; EBV and CMV at hight doses SE: GI disturbances; CNS and renal problems; headache; tremor; rash Notes: longer lasting than acyclovir |
Valacyclovir
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Anti-epileptic-blocks Na+ channels and increases GABA
I: Epilepsy: partial, absence, and tonic-clonic SE: Liver toxicity; pancreatitis; potentially fatal |
Valproic acid
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Antibiotic-disrupts cell well and cell membrane; bacteriocidal
I: Serious infections by G+ bacteria: strep, staph, pneumococcus and some anaerobes (esp. C. diff) SE: Ototoxicity; nephrotoxicity; "red man syndrome" due to histamine release |
Vancomycin
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Anti-diuretic-recruits water channels to luminal membrane in collecting duct
I: anti-diuresis; treats pituitary diabetes insipidus SE: Overhydration; allergic rxn; larger doses: pallor, diarrhea, hypertension; coronary constriction; chronic rhinopharyngitis Notes: Also known as ADH, AVP |
Vasopressin
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Antiarrhythmic (Class IV)-Ca++ blocker
I: Atrial tachyarrhythmia; decreases reperfusion injury SE: AV block; constipation; hypotension; GI distress |
Verapamil
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Antineoplastic-depolymerizes microtubules
I: Hodgkin's SE: PEripheral neuritis |
Vinblastine
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Antineoplastic-depolymerizes microtubules
I: Acute leukemia SE: Peripheral neuritis |
Vincristine
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Vitamin
I: Alcoholics (prophylaxis for Wernicke-Korsakoff) C/I: Decrease results in beriberi |
Vit B1 (thiamine)
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Vitamin
I: Megablastic anemia |
Vit B12 (Cobalamin)
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Vitamen
Binds to receptors in cytoplasm; alters gene expression and protein synthesis; increases bone reabsorption of Ca++; increases renal and intestinal absorption of Ca++ and phosphate I: Rickets; osteomalacia; hypocalcemia; hypoparathyroidism; osteoporosis |
Vit D
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Vitamen-Antioxidant
I: Prophylaxis for heart dz |
Vit #
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Vitamen-enhances clotting factors
I: Bleeding d/o Notes: decreased in children of mothers taking phenytoin or phenobarbitol |
Vit K
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Vitamin-one carbon carrier
I: Nucleic acid synthesis; given tio pregnant mothers Notes: Low levels result in neural tube defects |
Folic Acid (vit M)
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Anticoagulant-inhibits potassium epoxide regeneration
I: Thrombosis SE: Bleeding C/I: pts w/ liver, CNS, hemostatic dz, 99% exists protein bound |
Warfarin
|
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Anti-asthma agent-blocks leukotriene receptors (LTD4)
I: Reduces bronchoconstriction and inflammatory cell infiltrate in asthma |
Zafirlukast
|
|
Antiviral-thymidine analog; reverse transcriptase inhibitor
I: AIDS SE: Nausea; headache; bone marrow suppression; myalgias |
Zidovudine
|
|
Anti-asthma agent- 5-Lipoxygenase inhibitor
I: Improves asthma |
Zileuton
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