Pharm. - Cns Stimulants

Front 1

general effects of CNS stimulants

Back 1

1. elevation in alertness
2. decrease in drowsiness (analeptic)
3. increased nervousness/anxiety

Front 2

general M of A CNS stimulants

Back 2

imbalance of inhibitory and excitatory processes

Front 3

neuron hyperexcitability results from 3 processes:

Back 3

1. depression of inhibitory transmission
2. potentiation of excitatory transmission
3. presynaptic control of neurotransmitter release

Front 4

CNS stims are prescribed for 3 things:

Back 4

1. appetite suppressant
2. narcolepsy
3. ADHD

Front 5

4 classifications of CNS stims

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1. respiratory stimulants
2. psychomotor stimulants
3. methylxanthines
4. nicotines

Front 6

respiratory stimulants duration of action

Back 6

very short

Front 7

primary CNS pharmacological effect of resp. stims.

Back 7

convulsions (tonic clonic)

Front 8

resp. stim. possible M of A

Back 8

GABA antagonists (affects chloride ion transport)

Front 9

name 3 resp stimulants

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1. doxapram
2. nikethamide
3. pentylenetetrazole

Front 10

doxapram and nikethamide used to treat: (3)

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1. postanesthetic respiratory depression
2. tranquilizer overdose
3. hypercapnia from pulmonary disease

Front 11

pentylenetetrazole used to treat: (2)

Back 11

1. epilepsy screening
2. improve cognition in Down's Syndrome

Front 12

name 4 psychomotor stimulants

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1. ephedrine
2. amphetamine
3. methylphenidate
4. cocaine

Front 13

psychomotor stimulants M of A

Back 13

sympathomimetics: involves the release and/or uptake of:
-5HT
-DA
-NE
in the CNS

Front 14

ephedrine is obtained from what?

Back 14

a plant ephedra or "ma huang"

Front 15

amphetamines M of A

Back 15

a RELEASING agent of neurotransmitters

Front 16

which two types of sympathomimetics are uptake blockers?

Back 16

cocaine and methylphenidate

Front 17

methamphetamine M of A

Back 17

causes direct release of DA and NE

Front 18

cocaine M of A

Back 18

dopamine reuptake inhibition

Front 19

what type of sympathomimetic is used to treat obesity?

Back 19

amphetamines

Front 20

name 4 amphetamines used to tx obesity?

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1. amphetamine
2. phentermine (fenphen)
3. diethylpropion
4. d methamphetamine

Front 21

most commonly prescribed amphetamine to tx obesity

Back 21

diethylpropion

Front 22

anorectics decrease appetite how?

Back 22

direct action on the lateral hypothalamus (not by increasing metabolism)

Front 23

3 psychomotor stims used to treat ADHD

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1. methylphenidate
2. amphetamine
3. d methamphetamine

Front 24

the ADHD brain activity/stimulant level curve is shaped how?

Back 24

inverted U curve

Front 25

name 2 psychomotor stimulants used to treat narcolepsy?

Back 25

1. modafinil
2. d amphetamine

Front 26

psychomotor stimulants are used to treat what 3 medical conditions

Back 26

1. narcolepsy
2. obesity
3. ADHD

Front 27

modafinil (provagil) benefits

Back 27

little euphoria and low addiction potential, fewer SE

Front 28

modafinil M of A

Back 28

unknown
however occupies the DA and NE transporters (not 5HT)

Front 29

psychomotor stimulants oral absorption is good/bad?

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good

Front 30

psychomotor stimulant overdose symptoms:

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-hyperreflexia
-tremors
-convulsions

Front 31

fatalities can occur with psychomotor stims due to

Back 31

hyperthermia
(not CV effects!)

Front 32

CNS adverse effects of psychomotor stims

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-euphoria
-dizziness
-tremor
-irritability
-insomnia
higher doses:
-convulsions
-hyperthermia
-coma

Front 33

CV adverse effects of psychomotor stims

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-HA
-palpitations
-arrhythmias
-chest pain

Front 34

other (misc.) adverse effects of psychomotor stims

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-weight loss
-psychosis

Front 35

do psychomotor stims have a high abuse potential?

Back 35

yes, due to
-psychological dependence
-physical dependence
-tolerance

Front 36

3 types of methylxanthines

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1. caffeine (coffee)
2. theophylline (tea)
3. theobromine (chocolate)

Front 37

methylxanthine M of A

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A. increases cAMP in 2 ways:
1. blocks adenosine receptors to increase cAMP levels
2. inhibits phosphodiesterase which normally metabolizes cAMP
B. alters intracellular Calcium distribution

Front 38

stimulant effects of caffeine are optimized by consuming it

Back 38

3 or less times a week. otherwise you will need it just to return to baseline

Front 39

what is the most robust self administered drug in humans

Back 39

caffeine

Front 40

signs of caffeine withdrawal

Back 40

-HA
-fatigue
-irritability
-nausea
-muscle pain

Front 41

what is considered a low dose of caffeine

Back 41

50-250 mg
(alertness effect)

Front 42

what is considered a moderate dose of caffeine

Back 42

250-600 mg
(tremor/ha/palpitation effects)

Front 43

what is considered a large dose of caffeine

Back 43

1000mg
(delirium/seizure effects)

Front 44

CV effects of caffeine

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-increase HR
-increase FOC
-peripheral vasodilation (relaxes smooth muscle)
-decreases BP/cardiac arrest w/ rapid admin.

Front 45

Kidney effects of caffeine

Back 45

diureis

Front 46

blood effects of caffeine

Back 46

decreases clotting time due to
-increased prothrombin
-increased factor V

Front 47

which methylxanthine causes more potent vascular relaxation and diuresis?

Back 47

theophylline

Front 48

methylxanthine potential adverse effects

Back 48

-increased secretions in gastric ulcer pts
-dehydration in children
-allergic reaction (aminophylline)
-psycological dependence

Front 49

methylxanthine used to treat migraine headaches

Back 49

caffeine plus ergot alkaloid

Front 50

methylxanthine used to treat asthma

Back 50

theophylline (bronchodilator)

Front 51

nicotine addictive properties

Back 51

is 3x more addictive!!!

Front 52

nicotine is found naturally in what plants

Back 52

tobacco
eggplant
tomato

Front 53

what % of smokers are addicted?

Back 53

70-90%

Front 54

CNS effects of nicotine

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-CNS stimulant at low doses
-stimulates respiration
-produces emesis

Front 55

does nicotine cause tolerance?

Back 55

yes

Front 56

CV effects of nicotine

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-increased HR
-increased BP
-pupil constriction

Front 57

what happens with large doses of nicotine?

Back 57

-CNS depression
-respiratory failure
-ganglionic blockade
-arrhythmias

Front 58

nicotine M of A

Back 58

binds to Nicotine Ach receptors in the brain
=presynaptic and postsynaptic excitation

Front 59

nicotine effects on Nicotine receptors

Back 59

causes more receptors to go to the surface (upregulation)