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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Methacholine
Features |
B-methyl group
selective: M receptors longer duration than ACh; metab at 1/3rd the rate |
|
Methacholine
Uses |
Diag to test response of lower esophageal sphincter
|
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Methacholine
Side Effects |
hypotension, nausea, vomiting, heart block
|
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CARBACHOL
Features |
carbamate substitution
little selectivity long duration (2-3hr) b.c protected from hydrolysis |
|
CARBACHOL
Uses |
GLAUCOMA
works on M rec of iris, ciliary m. for accomodation Opens canals of Schlemm to facilitate outflow of aqueous humor, dec. pressure |
|
BETHANECHOL
Features |
Methyl and carbamate
long duration and selective for M |
|
Bethanechol
Effects |
orally or s.c.- mainly GI and urinary effects (inc tone)
IV - negates selectivity |
|
Muscarine
|
quat amine
in mushrooms atropine antidote |
|
PILOCARPINE
Features |
M rec agonist
2-3hr duration b.c not choline ester |
|
PILOCARPINE
Uses |
topically in eye for glaucoma
contraction of iris, leads to outflow |
|
PILOCARPINE
Side E |
not used systemically; CV and sweat effects
|
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MAIN SIDE E of M cholinergic agonists
|
life-threatening
cardiac slowing/arrest, hypotension, bronchial constriction ATROPINE reverses SLUDS common |
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NICOTINE
Effects - low doses |
mild CNS stimulant, resp. and vomiting
periph (low dose) - stim N rec; release NE from sympathics; tachycardia, inc BP and inc secretions and motility of GI |
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NICOTINE
Effects - high doses |
can block N rec by inducing depolarizatin
|
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Varenicline
Uses |
Nicotine agonist
smoking cessation selectivity for Nn; a4b2 |
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PHYSOSTIGMINE
Features |
Tert amine - CNS
Calabar bean from W. Africa |
|
PHYSOSTIGMINE
Uses |
antidoes v. atropine poisioning
topically for glaucoma Alzheimer's |
|
Donepezil
|
more selective than physostigmine
|
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NEOSTIGMINE
Features |
Quant amine
not in CNS |
|
NEOSTIGMINE
Uses |
stim GI and uriniary contractions and skeletal m.
MG and GI/GU atony |
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NEOSTIGMINE
Side E |
diarrhea, excessive salvation, sweating
|
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EDROPHONIUM
Features |
Quant amine
competitive antagonist short duration used for fxnal tests |
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Organophosphates - IRR
Echothiophate Uses |
glaucoma
NOT readily penetrate skin, diff from other organophosphates |
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Organophosphates - IRR
Echothiophate Features |
long duration 100 hrs
|
|
Organophosphates - IRR
Sarin Features |
Nerve gas - death in few min
after skin exposure or inhalation crosses BBB |
|
Organophosphates - IRR
MALATHION Features |
insecticide
much less toxic to mammals can be toxic at high levels |
|
PRALIDOXIME
|
CHOLINESTERASE reactivator
treatment for IRR inhib. |