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27 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Methacholine
Features
B-methyl group
selective: M receptors
longer duration than ACh; metab at 1/3rd the rate
Methacholine
Uses
Diag to test response of lower esophageal sphincter
Methacholine
Side Effects
hypotension, nausea, vomiting, heart block
CARBACHOL
Features
carbamate substitution
little selectivity
long duration (2-3hr) b.c protected from hydrolysis
CARBACHOL
Uses
GLAUCOMA
works on M rec of iris, ciliary m. for accomodation

Opens canals of Schlemm to facilitate outflow of aqueous humor, dec. pressure
BETHANECHOL
Features
Methyl and carbamate
long duration and selective for M
Bethanechol
Effects
orally or s.c.- mainly GI and urinary effects (inc tone)
IV - negates selectivity
Muscarine
quat amine
in mushrooms
atropine antidote
PILOCARPINE
Features
M rec agonist
2-3hr duration b.c not choline ester
PILOCARPINE
Uses
topically in eye for glaucoma
contraction of iris, leads to outflow
PILOCARPINE
Side E
not used systemically; CV and sweat effects
MAIN SIDE E of M cholinergic agonists
life-threatening
cardiac slowing/arrest, hypotension, bronchial constriction
ATROPINE reverses

SLUDS common
NICOTINE
Effects - low doses
mild CNS stimulant, resp. and vomiting
periph (low dose) - stim N rec; release NE from sympathics; tachycardia, inc BP and inc secretions and motility of GI
NICOTINE
Effects - high doses
can block N rec by inducing depolarizatin
Varenicline
Uses
Nicotine agonist
smoking cessation
selectivity for Nn; a4b2
PHYSOSTIGMINE
Features
Tert amine - CNS
Calabar bean from W. Africa
PHYSOSTIGMINE
Uses
antidoes v. atropine poisioning
topically for glaucoma
Alzheimer's
Donepezil
more selective than physostigmine
NEOSTIGMINE
Features
Quant amine
not in CNS
NEOSTIGMINE
Uses
stim GI and uriniary contractions and skeletal m.
MG and GI/GU atony
NEOSTIGMINE
Side E
diarrhea, excessive salvation, sweating
EDROPHONIUM
Features
Quant amine
competitive antagonist
short duration
used for fxnal tests
Organophosphates - IRR
Echothiophate
Uses
glaucoma
NOT readily penetrate skin, diff from other organophosphates
Organophosphates - IRR
Echothiophate
Features
long duration 100 hrs
Organophosphates - IRR
Sarin
Features
Nerve gas - death in few min
after skin exposure or inhalation
crosses BBB
Organophosphates - IRR
MALATHION
Features
insecticide
much less toxic to mammals
can be toxic at high levels
PRALIDOXIME
CHOLINESTERASE reactivator
treatment for IRR inhib.