Pharm Chapter 9 Bbc: Antiviral Drugs

Front 1

MOA of Amantadine

Back 1

Impairs uncoating of the virus by binding to the influenza A's M2 matrix protein which is necessary for fusion between the viral capsid and cellular lysosomal membranes.

Front 2

Are Amanatadine and Rimantadine still used?

Back 2

No. enormous resistance has developed

Front 3

MOA of Interferon

Back 3

induces host cell responses that inhibit viral RNA translation and induces MHC-1 expression, increasing the body's sensitivity towards and ability to eradicate virally infected cells.

Front 4

DOC for chronic HBV and HCV infections?

Back 4

Interferon (pegylated form)

Front 5

AE of Interferon

Back 5

psychiatric disturbances and flu like symptoms

Front 6

MOA of Ribavirin

Back 6

Ribavirin is phosphorylated to eventually become ribavirin triphosphate which looks like guanosine triphosphate - it gets incorporated into the transcription process and ultimately blocks viral mRNA synthesis

Front 7

DOC for chronic HCV

Back 7

Ribavirin (in addition to Interferon)

The standard therapy for HCV is pegylated Interferon alpha and Ribavirin

Front 8

Acyclovir MOA

Back 8

Gets converted to a compound that looks like guanosine triphosphate, gets incorporated into DNA causing inhibition of DNA polymerase as well as premature DNA chain termination

DNA SYNTHESIS INHIBITOR

Front 9

What is required to be present for Acyclovir to work?

Back 9

Viral thymidine kinase only present in some viruses

Front 10

Acyclovir uses?

Back 10

HSV-1, HSV-2, VZV and EBV

Front 11

Cousin of acyclovir and why is it more commonly used?

Back 11

Valacyclovir - this drug has a longer half live therefore less frequent dosing is required

Front 12

MOA of Vidarabine

Back 12

Undergoes sequential phosphorylation to imitate adenosine triphosphate which gets incorporated into DNA

Front 13

Clinical uses of Vidarabine?

Back 13

Herpes encephalitis, VZV in immunocompromised patients

Front 14

MOA of Ganciclovir

Back 14

Similar to Acyclovir EXCEPT that viral thymidine kinase is not required

Front 15

What is the significance of no thymidine kinase activity required for the use of Ganciclovir

Back 15

This drug can be used to treat viruses such as CMV,

Front 16

AE of Ganciclovir?

Back 16

Bone marrow suppression resulting in neutropenia or aplastic anemia

Front 17

AZT is also known as?

Back 17

Zidovudine

Front 18

MOA for AZT

Back 18

Triphosphorylated by human thymidine kinase becoming a TTP analog. It inhibits vital DNA synthesis after being incorporated into the growing viral DNA chain.

Front 19

Use of AZT

Back 19

For the treatment of HIV

Front 20

What class of drug does AZT belong to?

Back 20

Nuceloside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor (NRTI)

Front 21

Name other members of the NRTI's

Back 21

Didanosine, Stavudine, Lamivudine

Front 22

Saquinavir, Ritonavir, Indinavir, Nelfinavir, and Fosamprenavir all belong to what class of antiviral drugs?

Back 22

Protease inhibitors

Front 23

MOA of protease inhibitors?

Back 23

Inhibits the cleavage of the protein that HIB must cut apart in order to have the functional components of that protein.

Front 24

What class of antiviral drugs do Nevirapine, Delavirdine, and Efavirenz belong to?

Back 24

Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors

Front 25

MOA of NNRTIs

Back 25

Directly inhibit reverse transcriptase

Front 26

Name the drugs that belong to the Fusion Inhibitor class of antiretrovirals

Back 26

EnFUvirtide

Front 27

MOA of Enfuvirtide

Back 27

Prevent the fusion between the HIB virion and the cells. The drug binds to the GP41 and prevents viral fusion with the cell's cell membrane

Front 28

What disease dose Enfuvirtide increase the risk of?

Back 28

Bacterial pneumonia

Front 29

AE of Enfuvirtide

Back 29

insomnia, headache, and nausea
severe hypersensitivity reactions are possible

Front 30

Raltegravir belongs to what class of drug?

Back 30

Integrase inhibitors

Front 31

MOA of integrase inhibitors

Back 31

inhibitis the HIV viral integrase enzyme preventing integration and insertion of HIV DNA into human DNA

Front 32

Name the drug that belongs to the Chemokine Co-receptor Antagonists (CCR5 antagonist)

Back 32

Maraviroc

Front 33

MOA of CCR5 antagonist

Back 33

block the CCR5 co receptor located on white blood cells targeted by HIV thus preventing entry of the virus into the cell.

Front 34

AE of CCR5 antagonists

Back 34

Hepatotoxic

Front 35

Name the neuramidase inhibitors

Back 35

Zanamivir and Oseltamivir

Front 36

What are the neuramidase inhibitors used for the treatment of?

Back 36

Prophylaxis use of anyone who is in close contact and attenutation of disease for anyone who has come in contact with influenza

Front 37

Why is zanamivir used with caution in patients with lung disease?

Back 37

because of its ability to cause bronchospasm

Front 38

What is Foscarnet used for clinically?

Back 38

As a direct inhibitor of both DNA polymerase and reverse transcriptase, it is useful in the treatment of CMV

Front 39

AE of Foscarnet?

Back 39

nephrotoxicity