Pharm Chapter 41- Pancreatic Hormones, Antidiabetic Agents, And Glucagon- One Liners

Front 1

Alpha cells in the pancreas

Back 1

produce glucagon

Front 2

Beta cells in the pancreas

Back 2

produce insulin

Front 3

Beta cells are found

Back 3

Islets of Langerhans

Front 4

Delta cells in the pancreas

Back 4

produce somatostatin

Front 5

product of proinsulin cleavage used to assess insulin abuse

Back 5

C-peptide

Front 6

Exogenous insulin

Back 6

Little C-peptide

Front 7

Endogenous insulin

Back 7

Normal C-peptide

Front 8

very rapid acting insulin, having fastest onset and shortest duration of action

Back 8

Lispro (humalog)

Front 9

rapid acting, crystalline zinc insulin used to reverse hyperglycemia

Back 9

Regular (Humulin R)

Front 10

Long acting insulin

Back 10

Ultralente (humulin U)

Front 11

Ultra long acting insulin, has over a day duration of action

Back 11

glargine (Lantus)

Front 12

Major SE of insulin

Back 12

hypoglycemia

Front 13

Important in synthesis of glucose to glycogen in the liver

Back 13

GLUT 2

Front 14

Important in muscle and adipose tissue for glucose transport across muscles and TG storage by lipoprotein lipase activation

Back 14

GLUT 4

Front 15

Examples of alpha-glucosidase inhibitors (AGI)

Back 15

Acarbose, miglitol

Front 16

MOA of AGIs

Back 16

Act on intestine, delay absorption of glucose

Front 17

SE of AGIs

Back 17

flatulence, diarrhea, abdominal cramps (do not use beano to tx)

Front 18

Alpha-glucosidase inhibitor associated with elevation of LFTs

Back 18

Acarbose

Front 19

Amino acid derivative

Back 19

nateglinide (D-phenylalanine)

Front 20

MOA of nateglinide

Back 20

insulin secreatagogue

Front 21

Biguanide

Back 21

Metformin

Front 22

Drugs available in combination with metformin

Back 22

Glyburide, glipizide, and rosiglitazone

Front 23

MOA of metformin

Back 23

decreases hepatic glucose production and intestinal glucose absorption; increase insulin sensitivity

Front 24

Most important potential SE for metformin

Back 24

lactic acidosis

Front 25

Meglitinide

Back 25

repaglinide

Front 26

MOA of repaglinide

Back 26

insulin release from pancrease; faster and shorter acting that sulfonylurea

Front 27

First generation sulfonylurea

Back 27

Chlorpropamide, tolbutamide, tolazamide

Front 28

Second generation sulfonylurea

Back 28

glyburide, glipizide, glimepiride, etc

Front 29

MOA of both generations

Back 29

insulin release from pancreas by modifying (closing) K channels

Front 30

Common SE of sulfonylureas, repaglinide, and nateglinide

Back 30

hypoglycemia

Front 31

Sulfonylurea NOT recommended for elderly because very long half life

Back 31

Chlorpropamide

Front 32

Thiazolidinediones

Back 32

Pioglitazone, Rosiglitazone, Troglitazone(withdrawn from market)

Front 33

Reason troglitazone was withdrawn from market

Back 33

hepatic toxicity

Front 34

MOA of thiazolindinediones

Back 34

stimulate PPAR-gamma receptor to regulate CHO and lipid metabolism

Front 35

SE of thiazolindinediones

Back 35

Edema, mild anemia; interaction with drugs that undergo CYP4503A4 metabolism

Front 36

Hyperglycemic agent that increases cAMP and results in glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis, reverses hypoglycemia, also used to reverse severe beta-blocker OD and smooth muscle relaxation

Back 36

Glucagon

Front 37

Pramlintine

Back 37

Type 1 and 2- analog of amylin activates amylin receptors- RANK- suppresses glucagon release, slows gastric emptying, works in CNS to reduce appetite

Front 38

Exenatide

Back 38

long-acting injectable peptide analog of GLP-1; used in combo with metformin or sulfonylurea for Type 2