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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Very rapid acting insulin, having fastest onset and shortest duration of action
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lispro (Humalog)
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Rapid acting, crystalline zinc insulin used to reverse acute hyperglycemia
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regular (Humalin R)
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Long acting insulin
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Ultralente (humulin U)
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Ultra long acting insulin, has over a day duration of action
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Glargine (Lantus)
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receptor important in synthesis of glucose to glycogen in the liver
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GLUT 2
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receptor important in muscle and adipose tissue for glucose transport across muscles and TG storage by lipoprotein lipase activation
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GLUT 4
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Examples of alpha-glucosidase inhibitors (AGI)
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Acarbose, miglitol
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MOA of AGI's
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Act on intestine, delay absorption of glucose by decreasing breakdown of carbs to monos
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SE of AGI's
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Flatulence (do not use beano to tx), diarrhea, abdominal cramps
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Alpha-glucosidase inhibitor associated with elevation of LFT's
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acarbose
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antidiabetic amino acid derivative
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Nateglinide
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MOA of nateglinide
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Insulin secretagogue
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Biguanide
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metformin
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Drugs available in combination with metformin
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Glyburide, glipizide, and rosiglitazone
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MOA of metformin
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Decreases hepatic glucose production and intestinal glucose absorption; increase insulin sensitivity
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Most important potential SE of metformin
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lactic acidosis
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Meglitinide
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Repaglinide
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MOA of repaglinide
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Insulin release from pancreas; faster and shorter acting than sulfonylurea
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First generation sulfonylurea
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Chlorpropamide, tolbutamide, tolazamide, etc.
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Second generation sulfonylurea
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Glyburide, glipizide, glimepiride, etc.
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MOA of sulfonylureas
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Insulin release from pancreas by modifying K+ channels
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Common SE of sulfonylureas, repaglinide, and nateglinide
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hypoglycemia
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Sulfonylurea NOT recommended for elderly because of very long half life
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Chlorpropamide
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Thiazolidinediones
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Pioglitazone, Rosiglitazone, Troglitazone (withdrawn/d from market)
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Reason troglitazone was withdrawn from market
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hepatic toxicity
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MOA of thiazolindinediones
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Stimulate PPAR-gamma receptor to regulate CHO and lipid metabolism
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SE of Thiazolindinediones
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Edema, mild anemia; interaction with drugs that undergo CytP450 3A4 metabolism (induces P450)
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Hyperglycemic agent that increases cAMP and results in glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis, reverses hypoglycemia, also used to reverse severe beta-blocker overdose and smooth muscle relaxation
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glucagon
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