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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Common side effect of hypnotic agents
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Sedation
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Occurs when sedative hypnotics are used chronically or at high doses
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Tolerance
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The most common type of drug interaction of sedative hypnotics with other depressant medications
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Additive CNS depression
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Benzodiazepines used to promote sleep
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Temazpam, trizolam, flurazepam
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Benzodiazepine used for anxiety
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Alprazolam
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Non-benzodiazepine used as an anxiolytic
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Buspirone
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Non-benzodiazepine used for sleep
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Zolpidem
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Major effect of benzodiazepines on sleep at high doses
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REM is decreased
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Neurologic SE of benzodiazepines
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Anterograde amnesia
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Reason benzos are used cautiously in pregnancy
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Ability to cross the placenta
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Main route of metabolism for benzodiazepines
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Hepatic
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Benzodiazepine that undergo extrahepatic conjugation (which are useful in older or hepatically impaired)
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Lorazepam, oxazepam, and temazepam
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MOA for benzodiazepines
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increase the FREQUENCY of GABA-mediated chloride ion channel opening
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Antidote to benzodiazepine overdose (antagonist that reverses the CNS effects)
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Flumazenil
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Benzodiazepine with useful relaxant effects in skeletal muscle spasticity of central origin
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Diazepam
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Benzodiazepine that has efficacy against absence seizures and in anxiety states, such as agoraphobia
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Clonazepam
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Benzodiazepines that are the most effective in the treatment of panic disorder
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Alprazolam and Clonazepam
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benzodiazepine that is used for anesthesia
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Midazolam
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DOC for status epilepticus
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Diazepam
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Longer acting benzodiazepines used in the management of withdrawal states of alcohol and other drugs
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Chlordiazepoxide and Diazepam
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Agents having active metabolites, long half lives, and a high incidence of adverse effects
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Diazepam, Flurazepam, chlordiazepoxide, and clorazepate
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Barbiturates may precipitate this hematologic condition
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Acute intermittent porphyria
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Barbiturates decrease the effectiveness of many other drugs via this pharmacokinetics property
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Liver enzyme INDUCTION
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Barbiturates MOA
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Increase the DURATION of GABA-mediated chloride ion channels
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Barbiturate used for the induction of anesthesia
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Thiopental
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Site of action for zaleplon and zolpidem
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Benzodiazepine receptor BZ1 (although do not have a benzodiazepine ring structure)
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Non-benzo drug with good hypnotic activity with less CNS SE than most benzodiazepines
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Zolpidem, zaleplon
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Agent that is a partial agonist for the 5-HT1A receptor
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Buspirone
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Drug of choice for generalized anxiety disorder, NOT effective in acute anxiety
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Buspirone
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agitation and hyperreflexia occur with abrupt discontinuance after chronic use of what group of drugs?
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benzodiazepines (diazepam)
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do you give someone with sleep apnea a drug sleep aid?
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no
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alkalinization of urine accelerates the elimination of what groups of drugs?
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barbituates (phenobarbital)
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which BZ is a back up drug for bipolar?
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clonazepam
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most appropriate drug for GAD
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buspirone
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rebound insomnia can occur with abrupt discontinuance of what drug class?
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benzodiazepines
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elderly have increased sensitivity following BZ admin because
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changes in brain function that accompany aging
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this drug may increase anticoagulant effects by displacing warfarin from protein binding sites
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chloral hydrate (alcohol)
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this drug is used chronically for tonic-clonic or partial seizures and increases hepatic metabolism of warfarin and phenytoin
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phenobarbital
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this hypnotic facilitates GABA but lacks anticonvulsant and muscle relaxing properties and has minimal effects on sleep architecture
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zaleplon
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