Pharm Care Diagnostic Tests

Front 1

the "normal" range

Back 1

where 95% of people w/o illnees in question fall

Front 2

normal range determined by:

Back 2

applying statistical methods to results from a representative sample of the population

Front 3

normal range as it relates to drug concentration

Back 3

therapeutic range

Front 4

normal range AKA

Back 4

reference range
reference interval

Front 5

critical value

Back 5

lab result that is far outside the normal range, implying morbidity

Front 6

factors that affect the normal range (5)

Back 6

specimin analyzed
population studied
demographics
assay used and form of analyte
nutritional status

Front 7

assay

Back 7

examination and determination as to characteristics; analysis to determine presence or quality of a drug

Front 8

analyte

Back 8

a substance that is undergoing examination

Front 9

quantitative

Back 9

results where normal values are reported in ranges

Front 10

semi-quantitative

Back 10

results reported with varying degrees of positivism

Front 11

qualitative

Back 11

results with a positive or negative outcome

Front 12

what are the 5 rationale for ordering a lab test?

Back 12

discover occult disease
confirm suspected diagnosis after signs/symptoms appear
determine the stage or activity level of a disease
detect recurrence of disease
measure the effectiveness of therapy & guide its course

Front 13

discretionary test

Back 13

have some reason to do further testing

Front 14

screening test

Back 14

screen because of a certain age or risk factor (everyone in that category gets the test)

Front 15

5 questions to ask yourself when interpreting test results

Back 15

does the measured entity exist naturally in the body?
how might the entity get into the tissue or fluid tested?
is the entity preferentially stored in any body compartment?
does the entity have a normal function in the body?
does the entity reflect pathophys in question directly or indirectly?

Front 16

lab errors may be a result of (5)

Back 16

improper handling or timing of specimen collection
faulty reagents
inaccurate transcription
technical performance probs
interfering substances

Front 17

lab errors should be suspected when: (4)

Back 17

unusual intrapatient trend develops
error's magnitude is great
result is not in agreement with a confirmatory test result
result is inconsistent with clinical info

Front 18

sensitivity

Back 18

deals with the chances that an individual with a particular disease state will have a positive result for the test being measured

Front 19

specificity

Back 19

deals with the chance that an individual without a particular disease state will have a negative test result from the test being measured

Front 20

when to suspect drug-lab test interference (5)

Back 20

test results do not correlate with patients s/s
results of diff tests conflict
results from same test vary greatly over a short time
results from same test change in wrong direction
single result is extremely high

Front 21

invasive procedure

Back 21

more expensive
more recovery time
more difinitive

Front 22

non-invasive procedure

Back 22

quick
less expensive
less accurate

Front 23

x-rays

Back 23

electromag radiation of extremely short wavelengths that is absorbed by denser body parts

Front 24

CXR

Back 24

x-ray of the chest
most common non-invasive test

Front 25

gastrointestinal study

Back 25

invasive
uses radiographic contrast media to visualize the GI

Front 26

IVP

Back 26

intravenous pyelogram
invasive
kidneys, ureters, bladder
radiopaque dye

Front 27

mammography

Back 27

non invasive
x-ray of breast
used for early detection of breast cancer

Front 28

MRI

Back 28

magnetic resonance imaging
based on absorption & transmission of high-frequency ratio waves by water in tissued placed in a strong magnetic field

Front 29

CT

Back 29

computerized tomography
non invasive
x-ray scans at diff angles
provide 3D pic

Front 30

ultrasound

Back 30

sonography
non invasive
high freq sound waves to determine position or size of soft tissue

Front 31

nuclear medicine studies

Back 31

the use of radioactive materials to help diagnose & treat certain diseases

Front 32

examples of nuclear medicine studies

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brain scans
bone scans
thyroid uptake scan
lung & cardiac imaging

Front 33

EKG

Back 33

electrocardiography
measurment of the electrical activity in the heart as it pumps blood

Front 34

EEG

Back 34

electroencephalography
electical activity of the brain
assessment of seizure disorders or states of impared consciousness

Front 35

angiogram

Back 35

cardiac catheterization & angiography
invasive
tube inserted into blood vessel and passed into heart where constrast medium is released

Front 36

exercise stress test

Back 36

non invasive
evaluate clinical & cardiovascular responses to exercise

Front 37

pharmacologic stress test

Back 37

invasive
pharmacologic agents produce stress by causing vasodilative response or incr myocardial O2 demand