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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Colchicine
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Pharmacological Class:M04- AntiGout
Mechanism of Action: Mitotic spindle inhibitor, Decreases leukocyte motility, decreases phagocytosis in joints, thereby reducing the inflammatory response Primary Use: treatment and prevention of ACUTE gouty arthritis attacks Unique Pharmacokinetics: low therapeutic index! Unique Side Effects: NVD (GI cell proliferation inhibitor) |
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Allopurinol
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Pharmacological Class:M04- AntiGout
Mechanism of Action: inhibits xanthine oxidase, the enzyme responsible for the conversion of hypoxanthine to xanthine to uric acid Primary Use: Prevention of attack of gouty arthritis Unique Pharmacokinetics: metabolite is more active than allopurinol Unique Side Effects: skin rash (usually maculopapular; however, more severe reactions, including Stevens-Johnson syndrome) |
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Febuxostat
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Pharmacological Class: M04- AntiGout
Mechanism of Action: inhibits xanthine oxidase, the enzyme responsible for the conversion of hypoxanthine to xanthine to uric acid Primary Use: Prevention of attack of gouty arthritis Unique Pharmacokinetics: none noted Unique Side Effects: none noted |
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Probenicid
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Pharmacological Class: M04- AntiGout, Uricosuric
Mechanism of Action: Competitively inhibits the reabsorption of uric acid at the proximal convoluted tubule, thereby promoting its excretion and reducing serum uric acid levels Primary Use: Prevention of gouty arthritis Unique Pharmacokinetics: none noted Unique Side Effects: Can decrease excretion of penicillins |
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Sulfinpyrazone
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Pharmacological Class: M04- AntiGout, Uricosuric
Mechanism of Action: Acts by increasing the urinary excretion of uric acid Primary Use: Treatment of chronic gouty arthritis Unique Pharmacokinetics: none noted Unique Side Effects: none noted |
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Ibuprofen
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Pharmacological Class: M01 Anti-inflammatory and anti-rheumatic
Mechanism of Action:Inhibits prostaglandin synthesis by decreasing the activity of the enzymes, cyclooxygenase 1 and 2 Primary Use: Inflammatory diseases, rheumatoid disorders, mild to moderate pain, fever, dysmenorrhea Unique Pharmacokinetics: none noted Unique Side Effects: Negates cardioprotective effects of low-dose aspirin |
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Indomethacin
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Pharmacological Class: M01 Anti-inflammatory and anti-rheumatic
Mechanism of Action: Inhibits prostaglandin synthesis by decreasing the activity of the enzymes, cyclooxygenase 1 and 2 Primary Use: Management of inflammatory diseases and rheumatoid disorders; moderate pain Unique Pharmacokinetics: I.V. form used as alternative to surgery for closure of patent ductus arteriosus in neonates Unique Side Effects: CNS headaches, avoid with psychoses, can cause SJS |
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Phenylbutazone
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Pharmacological Class: M01 Anti-inflammatory and anti-rheumatic
Mechanism of Action:Inhibits prostaglandin synthesis by decreasing the activity of the enzymes, cyclooxygenase 1 and 2 Primary Use: Treatment of acute gout Unique Pharmacokinetics: Metabolized to active metabolite…oxyphenylbutazone Unique Side Effects: serious hematological side-effects (e.g., aplastic anemia) when used chronically |
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Acetaminophen
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Pharmacological Class: N02 Analgesics
Mechanism of Action:Inhibits the synthesis of prostaglandins in the central nervous system and peripherally blocks pain impulse generation (COX2, COX3) Primary Use: Treatment of mild to moderate pain and fever (antipyretic/analgesic); does NOT have antirheumatic or anti-inflammatory effects Unique Pharmacokinetics: none noted Unique Side Effects: Liver toxicity |
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Naproxen
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Pharmacological Class: M01 Anti-inflammatory and antirheumatic product
Mechanism of Action:Inhibits prostaglandin synthesis by decreasing the activity of cyclooxygenase COX1, COX2 Primary Use: Management of ankylosing spondylitis, OA, RA; acute gout; mild to moderate pain; dysmenorrhea; fever, migraine headache Unique Pharmacokinetics: none noted Unique Side Effects: none noted |
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Nabumetone
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Pharmacological Class:M01 Anti-inflammatory and antirheumatic
Mechanism of Action: active metabolite inhibits cyclooxygenase (COX1, COX2) Primary Use: Management of osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis Unique Pharmacokinetics: Prodrug Unique Side Effects: erythema multiforme, hepatic failure, renal failure, SJS, TEN |
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Celecoxib
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Pharmacological Class:M01 Anti-inflammatory and anti-rheumatic, L01 Antineoplastic agent
Mechanism of Action: Selectively decreases the activity of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) only Primary Use: Relief of symptoms of OA and RA; acute pain; decreasing intestinal polyps in familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). Unique Pharmacokinetics: high Vd Unique Side Effects: increased risk of heart failure |
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Meloxicam
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Pharmacological Class:M01 Anti-inflammatory and anti-rheumatic product
Mechanism of Action: Selectively decreases the activity of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) only Primary Use: Relief of signs and symptoms of osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis Unique Pharmacokinetics: none noted Unique Side Effects: Fatal asthmatic and anaphylactoid reactions have occurred in patients with "aspirin triad." |
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N-acetylcysteine
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Pharmacological Class: V03 All other therapeutic products
Mechanism of Action: acts to augment the glutathione reserves in the body and, together with glutathione, directly bind to toxic minor metabolite, N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine (NAPQI) Primary Use: treatment of acetaminophen poisoning Unique Pharmacokinetics: none noted Unique Side Effects: extremely high doses used for this purpose causes allergic reactions in some people -- even anaphylactic shock |
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Methotrexate
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Pharmacological Class: L04 Immunosuppressants, DMARD
Mechanism of Action: a folate antimetabolite that inhibits DNA synthesis, irreversibly binds to dihydrofolate reductase, inhibiting the formation of reduced folates, and thymidylate synthetase Primary Use: Treatment of trophoblastic neoplasms; leukemias; psoriasis; rheumatoid arthritis (RA) Unique Pharmacokinetics: as a Anti-rheumatic: 3-6 weeks; up to 12 weeks to work Unique Side Effects: pregnancy class X, cirrhosis, pneumonitis |
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Hydroxychloroquine
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Pharmacological Class: M01C Specific anti-rheumatic agents, DMARD
Mechanism of Action: impairs complement-dependent antigen-antibody reactions Primary Use: Suppression and treatment of acute attacks of rheumatoid arthritis Unique Pharmacokinetics: treatment of malaria & SLE Unique Side Effects: retinopathy, SJS |
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Gold salts
e.g., aurothiomalate |
Pharmacological Class: M01C Specific anti-rheumatic agents, DMARD
Mechanism of Action: uncertain, but inhibition of macrophage function Primary Use: Treatment of progressive rheumatoid arthritis Unique Pharmacokinetics: Onset of action is delayed; may require up to 3 months Unique Side Effects: rashes, stomatitis |
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Pencillamine
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Pharmacological Class: M01C Specific anti-rheumatic agents, DMARD
Mechanism of Action: uncertain, chelating agent Primary Use: Treatment of progressive rheumatoid arthritis Unique Pharmacokinetics: takes several months for effects to be seen Unique Side Effects: GI effects very frequent, aplastic anemia, agranulocytosis, nephrotoxicity |
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Leflunomide
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Pharmacological Class:L04 Immunosuppressants, DMARD
Mechanism of Action: Inhibits pyrimidine synthesis, resulting in antiproliferative and anti-inflammatory effects Primary Use: Treatment of active rheumatoid arthritis Unique Pharmacokinetics: Half-life mean: 14-15 days; hepatic recycling Unique Side Effects: Pregnancy Risk Factor X, NVD, (similar to MTX) |
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Infliximab
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Pharmacological Class:L04 Immunosuppressants, DMARD
Mechanism of Action: chimeric monoclonal antibody that binds to human tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF), prevents induction of PMN and MNP Primary Use: Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, used with methotrexate Unique Pharmacokinetics: none noted Unique Side Effects: Serious infections, severe hepatic reactions, ,caution with CHF, possibility of lymphoma in patients treated for rheumatoid arthritis, 6x risk |
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Adalimumab
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Pharmacological Class:L04 Immunosuppressants, DMARD
Mechanism of Action: recombinant monoclonal antibody that binds to human tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) receptor sites, prevents induction of PMN and MNP Primary Use: Treatment of active rheumatoid arthritis Unique Pharmacokinetics: none noted Unique Side Effects: Tuberculosis has been reactivated while on adalimumab, rash, local injection site reaction |
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Golimumab
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Pharmacological Class:L04 Immunosuppressants, DMARD
Mechanism of Action: human monoclonal antibody, targets TNF alpha , prevents induction of PMN and MNP Primary Use: Treatment of active rheumatoid arthritis Unique Pharmacokinetics: once-monthly subQ injection Unique Side Effects: none noted |
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Abatacept
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Pharmacological Class:L04 Immunosuppressants, DMARD
Mechanism of Action: fusion protein inhibits the costimulation of T cells, thus decreasing the production of TNFα Primary Use: Treatment of active rheumatoid arthritis Unique Pharmacokinetics: none noted Unique Side Effects: none noted |
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Capsacin
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Pharmacological Class:M02 Topical products for joint and muscular pain, DMARD
Mechanism of Action: Induces release of substance P, depletes the neuron of substance P and prevents reaccumulation (long-term) Primary Use: Topical treatment of pain associated with rheumatoid arthritis Unique Pharmacokinetics: Onset of action: 14-28 days, Peak effect: 4-6 weeks of continuous therapy Unique Side Effects: none noted |
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SAM-E
S-adenosyl methionine |
Pharmacological Class:Nutritional Supplement, DMARD
Mechanism of Action: unknown, supplement product along with glucosamine and chondroitin Primary Use: Treatment of pain and inflammation associated with rheumatoid arthritis Unique Pharmacokinetics: none noted Unique Side Effects: none noted |
