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84 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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bethanacol
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direct muscarenic agonist; a choline ester; GI and bladder are primary tagrets
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carbachol and receptor type
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direct muscarenic and nicotinic agonist; choline ester; used in eye for glaucoma tx to constrict pupil and open the canal of schlemm (pilocarpine is DOC tho)
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pilocarpine
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natural alkaloid; binds only Muscarinic receptor; penetrates CNS; used to treat Sjorgen's (xerostomia); extremely potent; DOC for glaucoma
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miosis
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contraction of pupil
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mydriasis
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dilation of pupil
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2 methods to treat glaucoma
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1) contract ciliary m and open C. of Schlemm 2) decrease vitreous production
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Drugs that Contract Ciliary M
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physostigmine (ACE Inh.); pilocarpine (PSNS Mimetic); brimonidine (Alpha 2 Agonist); latanoprost (PG analog)
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Drugs that Decrease Vitreous Prod
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acetazoleamide (carb. anh. inh); -nolol (beta blocker)
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edrophonium
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ACE Inh. Short Acting; used to dx Myasthenia Gravis
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neostigmine
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ACE Inh. no CNS pentration; tx for curare overdose; a carbamate
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physostigmine
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ACE Inh. CNS penetration; tx for atropine overdose; a carbamate
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2-PAM
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organophosphate ACE Inh. reversal
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trimethophan
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blocks nicotinic receptors at ganglia
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hexamethonium
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blocks nicotinic receptors at ganglia
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nicotine
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ganglionic stimulating agents; no therapeutic use though
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curare
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NMJ blocker; competitve; causes relaxation bc doesn't allow depolarization; this is a NICOTINIC receptor!!
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succinylcholine
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NMJ blocker; non-competitive bc it binds irreversibly; causes contraction
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metyrosine
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blocks tyrosine uptake; prevents adrenergic synth
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reserpine
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prevents dopa from being packaged into vessicles; once in vessicle dopa turns into NE; causes NE depletion
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guanethidine
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blocks NE release from vessicle
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cocaine
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blocks re-uptake 1 pathway of NE
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hemicholinum
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blocks choline uptake
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vesamicol
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blocks ACh incorporation into vessicle
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botulinum
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blocks fusion of ACh vessicle with pre-synaptic membrane
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phenylephrine
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alpha 1 agonist
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methoxamine
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alpha 1 agonist
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oxymetazoline
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alpha 1 and 2 agonist
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tetrahydrozoline
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alpha 1 agonist
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naphazoline
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alpha 1 agonist
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ephedrine
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triggers release of NE (indirect adrenergic agonist)
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clonidine
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alpha 2 agonist that works in CNS; actually causes decrease in NE release in pre-syn. neuron so acts to reduce BP; especially useful in renal failure
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isoprotenerol
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beta 1/2 agonist; cardiac stimulant
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dobutamine
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beta 1 agonist; inotropic
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albuterol
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beta 2 agonist; used to treat asthma and COPD
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terbutaline
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beta 2 agonist; used to treat asthma and COPD
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ritrodine
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beta 2 agonist; used to cause uterine relaxation but has the side effect of possible orthostatic hypotension
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guanabenz
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alpha 2 agonist; antihypertensive effect
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guanficine
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alpha 2 agonist; antihypertensive
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methyldopa
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partial alpha 2 agonist; antihypertensive
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phenoxybenzamine
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alpha 1/2 antagonist; non-competitive; used to treat pheochromocytoma prior to removal of the tumor; used to treat alpha agonist OD; used to reverse local anesthetic
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phentolamine
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alpha 1/2 antagonist; competitive; very potent; used to treat pheochromocytoma, overdose of alpha agonist, reversal of dental anesthetic
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prazosin and special use
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alpha 1 antagonist; antihypertensive and controls BPH
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propanolol
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beta 1/2 antagonist
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pindolol
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beta 1/2 antagonist; intrinsic sympatheticomimmetic activity
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carteolol
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beta 1/2 antagonist; intrinsic sympatheticomimmetic activity
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atenolol
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beta 1 antagonist
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metropolol
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beta 1 antagonist
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labetalol
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beta 1/2 and alpha 1 antagonist
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carvedilol
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beta 1/2 and alpha 1 antagonist
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ipratropium
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muscarinic antagonist; "I pray I can breathe soon." used for asthma and COPD
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glycopyrrolate
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muscarinic antagonist; reduces urgency in cystitis
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oxybutin
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muscarinic antagonist; tx for overactive bladder
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give an example of an alkaloid muscarenic agonist
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pilocarpine
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what is the duration of tiotropium?
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24 hrs
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Which drug blocks nicotinic receptors at the NMJ?
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curare and succinylcholine; therefore, to counteract an AChE overdose you have to give curare with atropine to catch both N and M receptors
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How do nerve gases work?
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they are organophosphate AChE inhibitors
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What are 5 alpha-2 agonists?
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oxymetazoline, clonidine, guanibenz, guanficine, methyldopa
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pargyline
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MAOI; avoid cheese
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tranylcypromine
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MAOI; avoid cheese
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cocaine
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NE reuptake blocker
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TCA
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NE reuptake blocker
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tyramine
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increases NE release from pre-syn. terminal; enters terminal through re-uptake 1
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amphetamine
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most resitant of the drugs in this class; increases NE release from pre-syn. terminal; enters terminal through re-uptake 1
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(pseudo)ephedrine
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increases NE release from pre-syn. terminal; enters terminal through re-uptake 1
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mannitol
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use with increased ICP
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glycerin
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osmotic diuretic; use with increased ICP
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urea
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osmotic diuretic; use with increased ICP
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isosorbitol
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osmotic diuretic; use with increased ICP
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acetazoleamide
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carb. anhydrase inh.
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furosemide
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loop diuretic
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bumetanide
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loop diuretic
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torsemide
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loop diuretic
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ethacrynic acid
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loop diuretic
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hydrochlorothiazide
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early DCT
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chlorothalidone
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early DCT
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metolazone
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early DCT
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chlorothiazide
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early DCT
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amiloride
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ENaC blocker
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triamterene
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ENaC blocker
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spironolactone
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aldo blocker
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conivaptan
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ADH blocker
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democlocycline
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ADH Blocker
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lithium
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ADH blocker
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desmopressin
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ADH analog
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