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72 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are proton pump inhibitors also called?
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H+/K+ ATPase inhibitors
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What medications do H+/K+ ATPase inhibitors encompass
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Omeprazole, Esomeprazole, Lansoprazole
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What are omeprazole, esomeprazole, and lansoprazole collectively called?
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Proton pump inhibitors or
H+/K+ ATPase inhibitors |
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What are the uses therapeutically of omeprazole, esomeprazole, and lansoprazole?
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These treat zollinger-ellison syndrome, ulcers/gerd, and inhibit gastric acid secretion most effectively
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What are the names of the 3 drugs that treat zollinger ellison syndrome, ulcers/gerd, and are most potent inhibitors of acid secretion
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Omeprazole, esomeprazole, and lansoprazole
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What is the fast antacid? What is the medium speed antacid? What is the slow antacid?
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Aluminum hydroxide is slow speed, magnesium hydroxide is medium speed, and calcium carbonate is fast
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What are the antacids?
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Aluminum hydroxide
Magnesium hydroxide Calcium carbonate and sucralfate |
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Which drug could treat diarrhea and GERD?
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Aluminum hydroxide and calcium carbonate can reduce diarrhea and treat gerd.
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Which drug could induce diarrhea and treat GERD?
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Magnesium hydroxide can treat gerd and induce diarrhea.
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What is the mechanism of action of antacids?
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Neutralization reaction of HCl
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What is the composition of sucralfate?
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It is an octasulfate of sucrose and aluminum hydroxide
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Which drug is an octasulfate of sucrose and aluminum hydroxide?
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sucralfate
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What are the uses of sucralfate?
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1) Antacid
2) Protects gastric lining 3) Binds bile and stimulates prostaglandin production |
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What is scopolamine used for?
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Motion sickness prophylaxis
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How does scopolamine work?
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Muscarinic receptor antagonist-> blocks neural paths in inner ear and vomitting center.
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What drug is used for motion sickness prophylaxis that works via muscarinc receptor antagonist?
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Scopolamine
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What does aprepitant treat?
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Post op nausea
and acute and delayed nausea/vomiting associated with chemotherapy |
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How does aprepitant work?
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Substance P receptor antagonist
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Which drug is a substance p receptor antagonist
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aprepitant
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How does ondansetron/ granisetron work?
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Serotonin 5 HT3 receptor antagonist
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What drug is a serotonin 5HT3 receptor antagonist. What does it do?
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Ondansetron/granisetron. Treats chemotherapy, radiation, post operative nausea
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What is ondansetron/granisetron used for
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treating chemotherapy, radiation, post op nausea.
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What does dronabinol treat?
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Chemotherapy induced emesis refractory to other treatments
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What drug treats chemotherapy induced emesis refractory to other treatments?
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dronabinol
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What glucocorticoid can have an anti-emetic effect when given with other anti-emetics?
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Dexamethasone
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What is a general use drug given for nausea and vomiting?
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Prochlorperazine
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What is prochlorperazine?
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General use drug for anti nausea, anti vomitting
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What is the mechanism of action for prochlorperazine?
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Dopamine2 receptor antagonist
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What drug is a dopamine2 receptor antagonist that treats nausea only
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prochlorperazine
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What does metoclopramide treat?
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Nausea and vomitting induced by diabetic gastroparesis- best with gi dysmotility disorders.
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How does metoclopramide work?
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Dopamine 2 antagonist but also has antiemetic effects at CTZ (5HT receptors)
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What drug treats nausea and vomiting induced by diabetic gastroparesis and is best with gi dysmotility disorders.
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metoclopramide
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What drug is a dopamine 2 antagonist but also has antiemetic effects at CTZ (5HT receptors)
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metoclopramide
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What is an off label use for erythromycin?
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Treat diabetic gastroparesis
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What drug treats diabetic gastroparesis only
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Erythromycin
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How does erythromycin work
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activates motilin receptors
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Which drug activates motilin receptors to increase motility
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erythromycin
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What does loperamide do?
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Anti-diarrheal agent
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What does diphenoxylate do?
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Anti-diarrheal agent
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How does loperamide work?
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Opiod derrivative- narcotic - acts on mu and delta receptors to produce anti-diarrhea
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How does diphenoxylate work?
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Opiod derrivative- narcotic - acts on mu and delta receptors to produce anti-diarrhea
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What drug is an opiod derivative- narcotic- that acts on mu and delta receptors to produce anti diarrhea
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loperamide
diphenoxylate |
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What is bismuth subsalicylate used for
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Releive intestinal cramping
travellers diarrhea treatment |
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What drug relieves intestinal cramping and treats travellers diarrhea
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Bismuth subsalicylate
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How does bismuth subsalicylate work
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Bismuth is antibacterial - displaces bacteria from mucous to lumen so lysis can occur
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What is octreotide used in?
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treating carcinoid syndrome induced diarrhea, variceal bleeding, and pancreatitis
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What would you use to treat carcinoid syndrome induced diarrhea, variceal bleeding, pancreatitis
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octreotide
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How does Magnesium hydroxide improve constipation?
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Causes osmotic water retention to increase bulk and intestinal peristalsis.
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What does lactulose treat?
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Constipation
and Portal systemic encephalopathy |
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How does lactulose treat constipation?
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Osmotic agent (pulls water into intestine)
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How does lactulose treat portal systemic encephalopathy
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Acidifies ileum and colon, which traps NH3 in the lumen.
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What drug could you give to treat constipation and portal systemic encephalopathy
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Lactulose
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What is polyethylene glycol used for
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Surgical radiological preparation to cleanse the colon.
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How does polyethylene glycol work?
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Long chain PEGs are poorly absorbed (osmotic retention of water)
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What drug could you give to prep a patient (colon cleanse) for radiological exam
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Polyethylene glycol
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What are docusate salts used to treat?
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Constipation
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How do docusate salts work?
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Anionic surfactant that lowers surface tension of the stool to enhance mixing
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Which drug is an anionic surfactant that lowers surface tension of the stool to enhance mixing
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Docusate salts
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Bisacodyl is used in the clinic to treat?
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Constipation- causes mucosal irritation and inflammation, leading to fluid accumulation
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Which drug treats constipation by causing mucosal irritation and inflammation, leading to fluid accumulation
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Bisacodyl
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What does lubiprostone treat?
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constipation dominated ibs
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How does lubiprostone treat constipation
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Bicyclic fatty acid that activates chloride channels- increasing secretions.
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Which drug treats IBS and idiopathic constipation by working as a chloride channel activator
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Lubiprostone
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What is prednisone used for treating besides the typical uses of steroids
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Immunosuppresive therapy for IBD
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Which steroid can treat IBD
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Prednisone
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What 3 drugs are 5-aminosalicylates
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Olsazine, mesalamine, sulfasalazine.
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Which 5-aminosalicylate is active
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mesalamine
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Which of the 5-aminosalicylates has lot of side effects
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sulfasalazine
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How do the 5-aminosalicylates treat ulcerative cholitis
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NOT COX related.
They inhibit IL-1 and TNF production. |
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What are olsalazine, mesalamine, and sulfasalazine used to treat
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ulcerative cholitis
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What is a drug similar to prednisone used to treat mild-moderate crohns
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Budesonide
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What is budesonide
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Steroid used to treat mild -moderate crohns
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