Pharm Block 2 Basics 5

Front 1

What does hydralazine treat?

Back 1

chronic hypertension in conjunction with other drugs

Front 2

How does hydralazine work?

Back 2

Arteriole specific vasodilator

Front 3

Which anti-hypertensive is an arteriole specific vasodilator?

Back 3

Hydralazine

Front 4

Which drug treats chronic hypertension in combination with other drugs

Back 4

Hydralazine

Front 5

When do you give CCB to treat hypertension

Back 5

Patients with hypertension and angina pectoris OR
patients with hypertension and asthma

Front 6

Patients with hypertension and angina pectoris or patients with htn and asthma should be given

Back 6

CCBs
Verapamil
Diltiazem
Nifedipine
Amlodipine

Front 7

The two arteriole specific potassium channel agonists are

Back 7

minoxidil
and
diazoxide

Front 8

Minoxidil and diazoxide work via what mechanism?

Back 8

Potassium channel agonists - arteriole specific

Front 9

What does minoxidil treat

Back 9

Chronic treatment of refractory hypertension
and
alopecia

Front 10

Which drug treats chronic treatment of refractory hypertension and alopecia

Back 10

Minoxidil

Front 11

What does diazoxide treat

Back 11

Hypertensive emergency

Front 12

Which potassium channel agonist- arteriole specific treat hypertensive emergency

Back 12

Diazoxide

Front 13

WHat does sodium nitroprusside do?

Back 13

Dilates both arteries and veins to relieve hypertensive emergencies.

Front 14

Which drug dilates both arteries and veins to relieve hypertensive emergiences

Back 14

sodium nitroprusside

Front 15

What is sodium nitroprusside metabolized to

Back 15

NO

Front 16

What is the mechanism of action of sodium nitroprusside

Back 16

Guanate cyclase agonist -> increased cGMP inhibits contractile proteins.

Front 17

How does fenoldopam work?

Back 17

Adenylate cyclase agonist that increases cAMP, which inhibits contractile proteins

Front 18

Which drug is an adenylate cyclase agonist that increases cAMP, which inhibits contractile proteins

Back 18

Fenoldopam

Front 19

What is fenoldopam used for

Back 19

Hypertensive emergencies
Post operative htn
Increase renal blood flow in shock

Front 20

Which drug is used in hypertensive emergencies, in post operatie hypertension, and to increase RBF in shock

Back 20

fenoldopam

Front 21

How does phenoxybenzamine work?

Back 21

Irreversible alpha 1 alpha 2 antagonist

Front 22

How does phenotolamine work

Back 22

Reversible alpha 1, alpha 2 antagonist

Front 23

What is the antihypertensive that is irreversible alpha 1 and alpha 2 antagonist

Back 23

phenoxybenzamine

Front 24

What is the antihypertensive that is reversible alpha 1 and alpha 2 antagonist

Back 24

phentolamine

Front 25

What does phenoxybenzamine treat

Back 25

HTN,
pheochromocytoma

Front 26

What does phentolamine treat

Back 26

HTN
pheochromocytoma

Front 27

What drug has the first dose fainting effect

Back 27

Prazosin

Front 28

What is MOA of prazosin

Back 28

Alpha 1 antagonist

Front 29

What is prazosin used to treat

Back 29

Essential htn, bph

Front 30

In addition to treating hypertension, angina, and decreasing renin release, what else does propanolol do

Back 30

can treat atrial and ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation

Front 31

Atenolol is similar to ______. It is a selective B1 blocker at ____ doses and a selective B2 blocker at ____ doses.

It treats _____, _____, and ____; it decreases ____ release.

Back 31

Atenolol is similar to metoprolol. It is selective B1 blocker at low doses. B2 at higher doses. It treats hypertension, angina, chf. It decreases renin release

Front 32

Which drug is indicated for use during pregnancy to lower HTN

Back 32

labetalol

Front 33

What is the mechanism of action of labetalol

Back 33

a1, b1, b2 receptor antagonist
mostly b1 and b2 though

Front 34

What is the mechanism of action of carvedilol

Back 34

a1, b1, b2 receptor antagonists
mostly b1 and b2 though

Front 35

Which drugs are a1, b1, b2 receptor antagonists; mostly b 1 and b2 though?

Back 35

labetalol
carvedilol

Front 36

What is labetalol used for

Back 36

treating htn especially in pregnancy.

Front 37

What is carvedilol used for

Back 37

essential hypertension and hypertensive emergencies.

Front 38

How do guanethidine and guanadrel work?

Back 38

Deplete neuronal amine stores

Front 39

Which antihypertensives deplete neuronal amine stores?

Back 39

Guanethidine and guanadrel

Front 40

What do guanethidine and guanadrel treat

Back 40

serious htn

Front 41

What is the mechanism of reserpine

Back 41

inhibitor of vmat

Front 42

What drug is an inhibitor of vmat?

Back 42

reserpine

Front 43

What does reserpine treat?

Back 43

Essential hypertension

Front 44

What are the drugs that reduce sympathetic outflow by acting as alpha 2 receptor agonists

Back 44

a-methyldopa
clonidine
guanabenz

Front 45

What is the mechanism of action of a-methyldopa
clonidine
and guanabenz

Back 45

alpha 2 receptor agonists to reduce sympathetic outflow.

Front 46

Of a-methyldopa, clonidine and guanabenz, which is a prodrug

Back 46

a-methyldopa

Front 47

What is the outcome of treating with a-methyldopa, clonidine, and guanabenz

Back 47

Treatment of hypertension. All reduce heart rate and cardiac output (but in guanabenz the HR reduction is slight)

Front 48

What is trimethaphan used for?

Back 48

In surgery, to produce a controlled hypotension for dissection of an aneurysm.

Front 49

Which drug is used during surgery for controlled hypotension for dissected aneurysm

Back 49

trimethaphan

Front 50

What drug is a ganglionic blocking drug that blocks Ach action, which leads to reduced sympathetic output

Back 50

Trimethaphan

Front 51

What is the mechanism of action of trimethaphan

Back 51

Ganglionic blocking drug that blocks Ach action, leading to reduced sympathetic output

Front 52

What is conivaptan used for

Back 52

Heart failure
and hyponatremia tx

Front 53

What drug treats hyponatremia and heart failure

Back 53

conivaptan

Front 54

What is the mechanism of action of conivaptan

Back 54

vasopressin antagonist

Front 55

Which drug is a vasopressin antagonist

Back 55

conivaptan

Front 56

What should hydralazine be used in conjunction with

Back 56

Isosorbide dinitrate due to tolerance effects developing

Front 57

What does nesiritide treat

Back 57

acute decompensated heart failure

Front 58

Which drug can be used to treat acute decompensated heart failure

Back 58

nesiritide

Front 59

What is the mechanism of action of nesiritide

Back 59

b-type natriuretic peptide that counter regulates the effects of RAA system

Front 60

Which drug is a b-type natriuretic peptide that counter regulates the effects of the RAA system

Back 60

nesiritide

Front 61

What are nitroglycerin and isosorbide dinitrate used to treat

Back 61

acute decompensated heart failure

Front 62

What drug used in heart failure is a vasodilator that works by stimulating guanylyl cyclase

Back 62

nitroglyceride/isosorbide dinitrate

Front 63

How do isosorbide dinitrate and nitroglycerin work to treat CHF

Back 63

Vasodilator - stimulate guanylyl cyclase

Front 64

What combination of drugs should be used in place of ACE inhibitors in blacks

Back 64

Hydralazine and Nitrate

Front 65

Hydralazine and nitrate is a combination of drugs used in what patient population

Back 65

Blacks in place of ACE inhibitors

Front 66

Digoxin is used to treat

Back 66

chronic heart failure

Front 67

What are the effects of digoxin?

Back 67

The only orally available positive inotropic effect for a failing heart increases cardiac output.

In paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia, a fib, a flutter, digoxin can decrease heart rate

It dilates arteries and veins and decreases blood volume.

Front 68

Which drug is the only orally available positive inotropic effect for a failing heart that increases cardiac output? What else does it do?

Back 68

digoxin. it also
dilates ateries/veins
reduces blood volume
slows a heart in paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia, a fib, a flutter

Front 69

What drug is a K+ competitor for Na+/K+ ATPase

Back 69

Digoxin

Front 70

What is digoxins mechanism of action?

Back 70

K+ competitor for the Na+ K+ ATPase, which leads to Ca++ accumulation in the SR for release in subsequent contractions

Front 71

What drug acts on receptors DA1, alpha 1, beta1 as an agonist?

Back 71

Dopamine

Front 72

What receptors does dopamine work on?

Back 72

DA1, alpha1, beta1. It is an agonist.

Front 73

What are the dose dependent uses of dopamine?

Back 73

For heart failure, use low doses to maintain flow to kidney. At higher doses, peripheral vasoconstriction can be increased, worsening cardiac performance.

Front 74

What is mechanism of action of dobutamine

Back 74

Beta agonist (racemic mixture) to produce increased SV

Front 75

Which drug used in heart failure is a beta agonist

Back 75

Dobutamine

Front 76

What are the uses of dobutamine?

Back 76

Acute heart failure
Cardiac stress test

Front 77

Inamrinone works by what mechanism

Back 77

Phosphodiesterase III inhibitor, increases cAMP.

Front 78

Which drug is a phosphodiesterase III inhibitor, increases cAMP

Back 78

Inamrinone?

Front 79

What are the uses of inamrinone?

Back 79

Treats chf- produces a positive inotropic effect and dilation of venous and arteries.