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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
what would you use for tx of HCV:
subclass? prototype? virus family? |
interferons
IFN alpha-2b HCV=flavivirus + ssRNA |
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How would you treat HSV (herpes simplex virus):
subclass? prototype? virus family? |
anti-herpes nucleoside analog
acyclovir linear dsDNA Herpes virus |
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tx of influenza A:
sublass? prototype? virus family? tx of influenza A and B: subclass? prototype? |
M2 inhibitors
amantadine orthomxyovirus: -RNA neuraminidase inhibitors oseltamivir |
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anti-herpes nucleoside analog?
|
acyclovir
used for herpes (ds linear DNA) |
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M2 inhibitor
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amantidine
used for Influenza A (orthomyxo -strand RNA virus) |
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neuraminidase inhibitors
|
oseltamivir
used for Influenza A and B virus (neg strand RNA) |
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what would you use for tx of HIV?
virus family? |
NRTI--ziduvidine
NNRTI--efavirenz PI--Lopinavir FI--Enfuvirtide +strand RNA virus (retro) |
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acyclovir
|
anti-herpes nucleoside analog used for HSV
|
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amantidine
|
M2 inhibitor
used for influenza A (orthomxyo-neg strand RNA virus) |
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Oseltamivir
|
neuraminidase inhibitor
used for influenza A and B (orthomyxo -RNA) |
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ziduvidine
efavirenz lopinavir enfuvirtide |
NRTI (nucleoside RT inhib)
NNRTI (non-nucleoside RT inhib) PI (protease inhibitor) FI (fusion inhibitor) |
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which IFNs are used in viral tx for hepatitis?
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Only interferon α and β
|
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where is IFN alpha produced?
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leukocytes (B lymphs, macs)
|
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what's used for tx of chronic HCV?
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interferon alpha-2b:
recombinant purified IFN |
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what's pegylated IFN (PEG-IFN)?
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covalent conjugate of recomb alpha IFN w/ monomethoxy polyethylene glycol (PEG)
greatly incr t1/2 of IFN allows weekly (not daily) injections |
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IFN α-2b target site?
|
hepatocytes infected w/ HCV
(HBV usually resolves spontaneously) |
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IFN α-2b mech of action?
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bind specific cell R's
induce intracell events: transmemb signals and protein synth (e.g. protein kinase, RNase) which enhance mac phagocytosis, incr cytotox of T cells, inhib viral rep |
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IFN α-2b and ribavirin combo therapy?
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for HCV
targets both RNA and DNA viruses duration 24-48 wks ribavirin doubles sustained viral response vs IFN α-2b alone but tx discontinuation more freq PEG-IFN preferred tx (1x/wk) |
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side effects of IFN?
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flu like sx, fatigue, periph neuropathy
marrow suppress (anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia) neuropsychiatric sx |
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S/E's of ribavirin?
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reversible hemolysis, anemia
teratogen (cat X- use 2 types of contraception during and 6 months after tx) |
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antiherpes agents
|
nucleoside analogs except foscarnet and cidofovir
prototype=acyclovir |
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acyclovir
|
acyclic guanine nucleoside analog
active in vitro against HSV-1 and 2, VZV and EBV |
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molecular target of acyclovir?
|
virus encoded DNA pol
|
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mech of acyclovir
|
inhib vDNA synthesis:
1st phosphorylation by viral thymidine kinase 2nd and 3rd by cellular phophatases acyclovir triphosph comp inhib of HSV DNA pol and blks elongation of vDNA chain |
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resistance to acyclovir?
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all anti-herpes agents require triphosphorylation to be active
altered/absent thymidine kinase resistant to acyclovir |
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acyclovir uses?
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tx and or prophylaxis:
HSV-1 HSV-2 VZV gangciclovir for CMV (immunocompromised pts) |
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S/E's of acyclovir?
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well tolerated mostly:
acute renal failure: acyclovir crystals in renal tub (hydrate before infusion) neuro tox (tremor, delirium, halluc, agitation) w/ renal failure |
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what is amantadine useful for?
|
prototype M2 inhibitor
active against influenza A ONLY (Not B) for tx (w/in 30-48 hrs of onset) and prophylaxis rimantadine--similar activity but better tolerated |
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mech of amantadine action?
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block proton passage through ion ch of M2 proteins in virus membrane
pH-induced conform change in hemagglutinin req'd for fusion inhibited |
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S/E's of amantadine
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CNS: agitation, anx, depress, dizzy, sleepy
GI: nausea, anorexia, diarrhea, constipation rimantadine has milder CNS fx |