Pharm Antimicrobials

Front 1

Chemotherapy

Back 1

Treatment of systemic infections with specific drugs that selectively suppress the infecting microorganism without significantly affecting the recipient

Front 2

Cell Wall Antimicrobials (3)

Back 2

Beta lactam drugs,
Vancomycin,
Bacitracin

Front 3

Nucleic Acid Synthesis Antimicrobials (2)

Back 3

Flouroquinolones
Rifamycins

Front 4

Metabolic Pathways Antimicrobials (3)

Back 4

Sulfonamide
Trimethoprim
Pyrimethamine

Front 5

Protein Synthesis Antimicrobials (7)

Back 5

Aminoglycosides
Tetracyclines
Macrolides
Chloramphenicol
Lincosamides
Oxazolidinones
Streptogramins

Front 6

Beta lactam drugs (4)

Back 6

Penicillin
Cephalosporin
Carbapenems
monobactam

Front 7

What does penicillin bind to?

Back 7

Transpeptidase/penicillin binding proteins

Front 8

What does transpeptidase/penicillin binding proteins do?

Back 8

Cross-links peptidoglycan chains to form rigid cell wall

Front 9

What happens when penicillin binds to the PBP's?

Back 9

Loss of cell rigidity and cell death (bactericidal)

Front 10

Penicillin is particularly effective against which bacteria?

Back 10

Gram positive bacteria with thick cell walls

Front 11

MRSA and penicillin resistant pneumococci utilize what mechanism of resistance?

Back 11

alteration of penicillin binding proteins

Front 12

Staphylococci has what major mechanism of resistance?

Back 12

Penicillinase/Beta lactamase to break beta lactam ring in penicillin

Front 13

Which gram-negative bacteria has reduced permeability of the cell membrane as a mechanism of resistance?

Back 13

Pseudomonas

Front 14

Narrow spectrum penicillinase susceptible antimicrobials?

Back 14

Penicillin G (parenteral) Penicillin V (oral)

Front 15

Which bacteria are susceptible to Narrow spectrum penicillinase susceptible antimicrobials?

Back 15

Streptococci
Pneumococci
Meningicocci
Treponum pallidum (syphillis)

Front 16

Which bacteria are susceptible to Narrow spectrum penicillinase resistant antimicrobials?

Back 16

Staph, except MRSA

Front 17

Narrow spectrum penicillinase resistant antimicrobials?

Back 17

Oxacillin
Methicillin
Naficillin

Front 18

Broad spectrum penicillinase susceptible antimicrobials?

Back 18

Amoxicillin
Ampicillin

Front 19

Which bacteria are susceptible to Broad spectrum penicillinase susceptible antimicrobials?

Back 19

Gram (+) cocci
Listeria monocytogenes
H. pylori
H. influenza

Front 20

Extended spectrum or antipseudomonal penicillinase susceptible antimicrobials?

Back 20

Ticarcillin
Piperacillin
Azlocillin

Front 21

Bacteria susceptible to antipseudomonal penicillinase susceptible antimicrobials?

Back 21

Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Gram (-) rods

Front 22

What is administration of Penicillin G and why?

Back 22

I.M/I.V. due to acid lability

Front 23

How is Penicillin G + Procaine and Benzathine helpful in meningicocci infections?

Back 23

Only penetrate CSF to a significant extent during inflammation

Front 24

How is Penicillin disposed of in the body?

Back 24

Activce tubular excretion

Front 25

What inhibits the elimination of Penicillin, how, and what effects does it have on Penicillin?

Back 25

Probenicid inhibits Penicillin by competition of the carrier and causes increased concentration of Penicillin as well as prolonging the activity of Penicillin

Front 26

What are the uses of Penicillin G (3) ?

Back 26

Streptococci, Meningococci, Gram (+) bacilli infections

Front 27

What is the DOC for Treponema pallidum?

Back 27

Penicillin G

Front 28

What bacteria are resistant to Penicillin G (3) ?

Back 28

Staph aureus, Neisseria gonorrhea, some strains of Pneumococci

Front 29

Which drugs inhibit beta lactamases?

Back 29

Methicillin
Oxacillin
Naficillin

Front 30

Beta lactamase inhibitors are used for which bacterial infection?

Back 30

Staph infections

Front 31

MRSA MRSE?

Back 31

Methicillin Resistant Staph Aureus and Methicillin Resistant Staph Epidermides

Front 32

Patient with peptic ulcers goes in for dental surgery. Two years ago had prosthetic valves put into heart. Patient is at risk for? DOC?

Back 32

Patient is at risk for endocarditis. Should use Amoxicillin prophylactically before surgery as well as to treat H.pylori infection (ulcers).

Front 33

Ampicillin and Amoxicillin can have broader spectrums by using in conjunction with which drugs (2) ?

Back 33

Clavulonic Acid
Sulbactam

Front 34

What drug has a synergistic affect against enterococcal and pseudomonal infections?

Back 34

Aminoglycosides in addition to the Piperacillin or Ticarcillin will have a synergistic affect.

Front 35

Prophylactic treatment of rheumatic fever?

Back 35

Benzathine Penicillin

Front 36

Prophylactic treatment of gonorrhea and syphillis?

Back 36

Procaine- or Benzathine- Penicillin

Front 37

Amoxicillin or ampicillin is indicated for prophylaxis in what conditions?

Back 37

cyanotic heart disease, previous diagnosis of endocarditis, prosthetic heart valves before undergoing genitourinary/GI/respiratory/dental procedures

Front 38

Why do beta lactamase inhibitors widen the spectrum of antimicrobials?

Back 38

Because they are potent and irreversible beta lactamase inhibitors and do not have antibacterial properties.

Front 39

Uses of beta lactamase inhibitors?

Back 39

staph, H. influenza, N. gonorrhea, E.coli, Proteus

Front 40

Fixed dose beta lactamase inhibtors + penicillins (3)

Back 40

Amoxicillin/Ticarcillin + clavulonic acid
Ampicillin + Sulbactam
Piperacillin + Tazobactum

Front 41

Maculopapular rash, diarrhea, pseudomembranous enterocolitis

Back 41

Adverse effect of Ampicillin

Front 42

Interstitial nephritis

Back 42

Adverse effect of Methicillin

Front 43

Urticarial skin rashes, acute anaphylaxis, cross-hypersensitivity

Back 43

Adverse effect of penicillins

Front 44

First generation Cephalosporins (2) ?

Back 44

Cefazolin (parenteral)
Cephalexin (oral)

Front 45

Uses of first generation cephalosporins (2) ?

Back 45

Klebsiella pneumonia
Surgical prophylaxis (cefazolin)

Front 46

Spectrum of First generation Cephalosporins (2) ?

Back 46

Klebsiella pneumoniae
Gram (+) cocci

Front 47

Second generation Cephalosporins (5)?

Back 47

Cefoxitin
Cefotetan
Cefaclor
Cefamandole
Cefuroxime

Front 48

Second generation Cephalosporins enter CSF (1) ?

Back 48

Cefuroxime

Front 49

Spectrum of Second generation Cephalosporins (1) ?

Back 49

Gram (-) bacteria

Front 50

Second generation Cephalosporins for Bacteroids fragilis (2)?

Back 50

Cefoxitin
Cefotetan

Front 51

Second generation Cephalosporins for H.influenza?

Back 51

Cefuroxime
Cefachlor
Cefamandole

Front 52

Third generation Cephalosporins (5) ?

Back 52

Cefotaxime
Ceftriaxone(IM)
Ceftazidime
Cefoperazone
Cefixime (oral)

Front 53

Third generation Cephalosporins properties (2) ?

Back 53

Increased activity against Gram (-) bacteria.
Good penetration into BBB (except Cefoperazone & Cefixime)

Front 54

Third generation Cephalosporins for Pseudomonas (2)?

Back 54

Cefoperazone
Ceftazidime

Front 55

Third generation Cephalosporins for gonorrhea (2)?

Back 55

Ceftriaxone (parenteral) & Cefixime (oral)

Front 56

Third generation Cephalosporins for S. typhi (2)?

Back 56

Cefriaxone, cefaperazone