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85 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are antihistamines
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a group of drugs that inhibit the actions of histamine
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what cells release histamine
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mast cell
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what is the major use of antihistamines
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dermatology and allergies
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what are some examples of histamine liberators
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morphine and xray contrast
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what are some of the reactions to the release of histamine
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pruritius, hypotension, constriction of bronchioles
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what is hypotension
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low blood pressure
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what is the major use for antihistamines in dogs
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atopy(allergies)
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what percentage of allergies respond to antimistamines
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30%
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why should antihistamines be the first drug to use
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they are proven safer than glucocorticoids
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what are some of the clinical uses of antihistamines
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pruritis, urticaria (hives), laminitis (p3 rotation), motion sickness, anaphylactis shock, reverse sneeze syndrome, heaves in horses, and urti
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name the 5 side effects associated with antihistamines
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sedation, cns excitation, birth defects, decrease in secretions, agranulocytosis
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what other group of drugs should not be given to an animal that is on antihistamines
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anticonvulsant drugs
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what is the trade name of diphenhydramine
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Benadryl
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what forms is Diphenhydramine (Benadryl R) available in
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cap, elixir, and injectable
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what drug is not as effective on skin problems, but is reported to have an effect on heaves
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chlorpheniramine (Chlor-trimetron R)
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what AH has some pain relief effects, causes relaxation of the skeletal muscles, and has less side effects that classical AHs?
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hydroxyzine HCL (Atarax R)
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what is the generic name of Seldane
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Terfenadine
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what is a popular motion sickness drug for humans that is also used in animals
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dimenhydrinate (Dramamine R)
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what is the trade name of pyrilamine maleate
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Histavet R
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What are corticosteroids used for in vet med
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inflammation, pruritis, shock, and immune mediated dz
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what does the adrenal cortex produce
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natural corticosteroids
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what does the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis control
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the release of corticosteroids
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how are the corticosteroids produced that are used clinically
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synthetically
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what are the two groups of corticosteroids
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Mineralocorticoids and Glucocorticoids
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what do mineralocorticoids regulate
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electrolyte and water balance
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what mineralocorticoid is produced naturally in the body
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Aldosterone
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what does the mineralocorticoid Aldosterone cause
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release in the body causes retention of sodium in the tubles of the kidney.
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what is a synthetic mineralocorticoid used in replacement therapy
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Fludrocortisone acetate (Florinef R)
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What is the dz associated with the lack of Aldosterone
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Addisons DZ
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what are the actions of glucocorticoids
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anti inflammatory, immunosuppressant
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what do glucocordicoids influence
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carbohydrates, fat and protein metabolism
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what is phagocyte chemotaxis
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a chemical call for phagocytes to reduce the bad cells
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what are the two natural glucocorticoids
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Cortisol and corticosterone
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What are prednisone, Prednisolone, Betamethasone, Dexamethasone, methylprednisone and prednisolone sodium succinate
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Synthetic glucocorticoids
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What does the Depo stand for in the drug name Depo-medrol R (methylpredinsolone)
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long acting
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what forms are glucocorticoids availible in
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oral, topical,injectable
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what is Addisons dz
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hypoadrenalcortisism
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what are clinical uses for Glucocorticoids
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allergic reaction, inflam, shock, toxemia, lameness, Addisons, AIHA, inflam ocular dz, lymphocytic neoplasias
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Is pu/pd/pp a long or short term use side effect of corticoids
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short
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what does pp stand for (ie pu/pd/pp)
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polyphagea (over eating)
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What can result iatrogenically from corticoid steroid use
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Cushings dz and Addisons dz (after long term treatment with an abrupt stop)
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why would an animal gain weight from steroid use
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polyphagea and water retention
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what are some cases where you would not give an animal steroids unless absolutely needed?
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if animal is pregnant, it has diabetes, it is immature, its dehydrated, has a healing wound, has a sever infection, or it has corneal ulcers
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what does NSAIDS stand for
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Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory DrugS
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why are NSAIDS perferred over steroids
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because of analgesic and anti pyretic components.
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what age group should NSAIDS be used with caution
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geriatric
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what is the "triple A" effect
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anti-inflammitory, anti-pyretic, analgesic
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are NSAIDS or steroids more effective as an anti inflammitory?
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Steroids
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what are some advantages of NSAIDs
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no steroidal effects (ie pu/pd/pp) no cns suppression, fewer serious side effects
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what is the aim for NSAIDs
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Aim is to use lowest effective dose for as short of a time as possible
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what is the most common problem associated with NSAIDs
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GI bleeding and ulceration
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what are some disadvantages of NSAIDs
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blood abnorm, clotting, decreased renal blood perfusion
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When should you not use a NSAID
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Kidney or liver dz, hypotenion or dehydration, thrombocytopenia, clotting dz, GI ulcerative dz, using corticoids
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what drug is recommended at a one time dose? Why?
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Flunixin Meglumine (Banamine) It has a potental for gastric ulcers and nephrotoxicity
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What is the nick name for Phenulbutazone (Butasolidin)
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Bute
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What is BUTE used for in LAM
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Anti inflammatory
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what are the generic and trade names of asprin
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Ecotrin R, acetylsalicylin acid
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What is special about Ecotrin R
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It has a enteric coating and may prevent or reduce GI irritation
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Why should asprin be given with a RX only.
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Cats are very sensitive. Can cause GI upset in dogs
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What form of Asprin, Ecotrin R, acetylsalicylic acid should be used when needed in vet med
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buffered
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What is DMSO (name) and what is it used for
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Dimethyl Sulfaxide. It is primarily a carrier for other drugs, but has a triple a effect
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Why should you wear gloves when handling DMSO
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It has a garlic taste when it comes into contact with skin.
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How should DMSO be stored
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in an airtight container
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What is the generic name for Rimadayl
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carprofen
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What is carprofen, Rimadyl R used for
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joint pain, bone pain
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Is Rimadyl R approved for use in cats in the US
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No, but is in Europe
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What is naproxen Naprosyn R or Equiproxen labeled for use in
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human and horse
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What is naproxin NaprosynR, EquiproxenR used for
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pain relief, inflammation, lameness
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what is myositis
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inflammation of the muscle
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What are etodolac, EtoGesicR, and Deramaxx used for
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K9 arthritis
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what drug used for osteoarthritis contians glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate and magneses sulfate
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Cosequin R, PetFlex R
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what drug is labeled for horses and dogs is used IM or intraarticularly
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Adequan R
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Arquel R is a oral drug used in what animal
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Horse
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what way is Hyalovet uses
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intra artiular injection
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what 2 things is Seletoc R made of
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Selenium and Vit e
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What is Methocarbamol, Robaxin V
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muscle relaxor
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what are the 2 NSAIDs not used in vet med
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Ibuprofen, Advil R and Acetaminphen, Tylenol R
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what are the symptoms you would see in a cat that has had Tylenol
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Facial Edema, cyanosis, depression, anorexia
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what is Tylenol associated with in dogs
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liver dz
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what is fever
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change in temp set point of CNS
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What are chemical agents that rise the CNS set point resulting in fevers called
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Pyrogens
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What are some pyrogens
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Bacteria, virus, drugs, fungi
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what can be damaged if a fever of over 107 occurs
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liver, kidneys, and CNS
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What are the 3 anti pyretic drugs
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Buffered asprin, Bute, Banamine
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What are supplemental treatments for fever
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Fluids and steroids
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