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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what are the principal classes of antifungal drugs?
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POLYENE, eg amphotericin B, nystatin
AZOLES, eg fluconazole, voriconazole ALLYLAMINES, -fine, eg terbinafine ECHINOCANDINES, -fungine, eg caspofungin |
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what is the MOA of polyene antifungal drugs?
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bind to ergosterol, a major component of the fungal membrane, thus changing the permeability of the membrane (leakiness)
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what is the MOA of azole antifungal drugs?
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inhibit ergosterol synthesis by inhibiting lanosterol 14 alpha-demethylase by interfering with the fungal cytochrome P450
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what is the MOA of allylamine antifungal drugs?
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inhibit ergosterol synthesis by inhibiting squalene epoxidase
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what is the MOA of echinocandin antifungal drugs?
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inhibits glucan synthesis, another essential cell wall component of fungi
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which candia species is fluconazole-resistant?
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C. krusei
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which candia species is susceptible-dose-dependent?
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C. glabrata
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what is the standard antifungal drug for invasive aspergillosis?
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voriconazole = Vfend®
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what is a key risk factor for acquiring invasive mold infections, especially invasive aspergillosis (IA)?
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prolonged neutropenia
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what are difficult to treat opportunistic molds?
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zygomycetes
Scediosporum species Fusarium species |
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what is the advantage of newer azoles?
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triazoles like voriconazole and posaconazole expand coverage to molds
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what is the difference between fluconazole and newer azoles?
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fluconazole does not cover molds, eg Aspergillus species
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what is the main advantage of posaconazole (Noxafil)?
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only agent beside amphotericin B that is active against zygomycetes
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which are the two antifungal drugs active against zygomycetes?
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posaconazole= Noxafil®
and amphotericin B = AmBisome®, Fungizone® |
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what is the difference of posaconazol compared to voriconazol concerning drug interaction potential?
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posaconazole inhibits only CYP3A4
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which are drug groups having severe interactions with posaconazole?
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select immunosuppressive agents, especially tacrolimus
and chemotherapy agents |
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what is the dosage form for posaconazol?
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only oral formulation
mnemonic p.os = posaconazole |
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what is the antifungal spectrum of the echinocandins?
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fungicidal against most Candida species
fungistatic against Aspergillus species no activity against non-Candida yeasts and non-Aspergillus molds |
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what are preparations of amphotericin B?
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deoxycholate, eg Fungizone®
or liposomal formulation, less toxic, eg AmBisome® |
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what is the first-line treatment for invasive candidiasis?
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triazole, such as fluconazole or voriconazole
or echinocandin, such as caspofungin |
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what is the first-line treatment for invasive aspergillosis?
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voriconazole = Vfend®
or polyene, ie amphotericin B |
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what are antifungal drugs with a mold-expanded spectrum?
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amphotericin B
caspofungin voriconazole |
