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17 Cards in this Set
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- 3rd side (hint)
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Regular Insulin
Novolin-R Humulin-R |
fast acting, short acting injectable
IV use for emergencies SC maintenance |
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Insulin Lispro
Humalog |
faster acting, short acting injectable
"prandial" formulations |
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Insulin Aspart
Novolog |
faster acting, short acting injectable
"prandial" formulations |
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NPH Insulin
Novolin-N Humulin-N |
intermediate acting
NPH = neutral protamin Hagedorn Insulin SC injection, once in am and once in pm to maintain basal insulin level for 24 hrs. DO NOT use for emergency IV bc not v. soluble -basal level may be supplemented with rapid/short-acting forms |
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Insulin Detemir
Levemir |
long acting injectable, SC
NOT soluble, not for IV use 1/2 life increases with increasing dose potentially could be given once a day to maintain basal insulin level for 24 hrs -basal level may be supplemented with rapid/short-acting forms |
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Insulin Glargine
Lantus |
insulin preparation
longest acting potentially could be given only once a day to maintain 24 hr basal insulin levels. basal levels may be supplemented with rapid/short-acting forms SE-1.severe hypoglycemia --> brain damage 2. immunologic rxs 3. local lipodystrophy (past) 4. weight gain |
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Glyburide
Diabeta Micronase |
insulin secretagogue
sulfonlyurea stimulate release of enodgenous insulin independent of blood glucose level DM II only CI=use with salicylates, antibiotics (sulfonamide), etoh, and insulin --> extreme hypoglycemia |
insulin secretagogue
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Glipizide
Glucotrol |
insulin secretagogue
sulfonlyurea stimulate release of enodgenous insulin independent of blood glucose level DM II only |
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Repaglinide
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insulin secretagogue
meglitinide stimulate endogenous insulin release but DEPENDENT on blood glucose level |
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Nateglinide
Starlix |
insulin secretagogue
meglitinide stimulate endogenous insulin release but DEPENDENT on blood glucose level oral |
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Metformin
Glucophage Fortamet Riomet |
insulin-sensitizing
oral anti-hyperglycemic DM II 1. improves sensitivity of peripheral tissues to insulin action on glucose uptake and storage 2. decreases hepatic glucose output**primary 3. lowers arterial BP, VLDL, LDL 4. body weight not adversely affected 5. txs anovulation SE: GI probs, lactic acidosis CI: use with drugs that are eliminated by tubular transport systems (digoxin, morphine) |
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Rosiglitazone
Avandia |
insulin-sensitizing
anti-hyperglycemia 1. activates nuclear receptors (PPARs) to either directly or indirectly increase insulin-mediated synthesis of new glucose transport molecules at DNA level in insulin resistant tissues. 2. leads to increased glucose uptake, decreased circulation glucose 3. "corrects" insulin resistance 4. "insulin-sparing" 5. decreases TG, BP, increases HDL CI: CHF, edema |
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Pioglitazone
Actos |
insulin-sensitizing
anti-hyperglycemia 1. activates nuclear receptors (PPARs) to either directly or indirectly increase insulin-mediated synthesis of new glucose transport molecules at DNA level in insulin resistant tissues. 2. leads to increased glucose uptake, decreased circulation glucose 3. "corrects" insulin resistance 4. "insulin-sparing" 5. decreases TG, BP, increases HDL CI: CHF, edema |
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Acarbose
Precose |
alpha-glucosidase inhibitor
taken before meals to inhibit alpha glucosidase enzymes which digest complex carbs and disaccharides --> delay postprandial glucose absorption...attenuation of postprandial increases in plasma glucose and possibly enodgenous insulin "smoothing out" of postrprandial glucose peaks no DIRECT effects on insulin secretion or sensitivity oral CI: ibs, adverse hypoglycemia w/ concurrent insulin/insulin secretagogues |
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Exenatide
Byetta |
incretin mimetic
binds and activates human GLP-1 receptors, enhances insulin secretion, inhibits glucagon secretion, slows gastric emptying, increases sensation of satiety SC before meals |
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Pramlintide
Symlin |
amylin analog
slows gastric emptying, inhibits glucagon secretion, increases sensation of satiety "smooths out peaks of blood glucose fluctuations" SC before meals SE: GI probs |
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Sitagliptin
Januvia |
dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor
increase insulin release and decrease glucagon release from pancreas. DDP-IV activity is increased in many DM II pts, so inhibiting DPP-IV allows GLP-1 to do above job. adjunctive therapy orally 1x day SE: URT infx, nasopharyngitis, headache CI: sulfonylurea --> hypoglycemia |
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