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127 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Treatment for Clostridium difficile
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DOC: Metronidazole
back up: Vancomycin (mostly reserved for MERSA) |
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Methacillin resistance as in MERSA is due to what mechanism of resistance?
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Change of the Penicillin Binding Proteins (PBPs).
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Phototoxic antibiotic
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1) Quinolones
2) Sulfonamindes 3) Tetracyclines |
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Antibiotics to not use during pregnancy
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FAST:
1) Fluoroquinolones 2) Aminoglycosides 3) Sulfonamindes 4) Tetracyclines |
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what antibiotics show phototoxicity and should not be used during pregnancy?
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1)Tetracyclines
2)Sulfonamindes |
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Sulfonamides are antimetabolites inhibit what enzyme that is exclusively in bacteria?
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Dihydropteroate Synthetase
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"-floxacins"
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Quinolones
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A drug that prevents the introduction of negative supercoils
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quinolones
inhibit topoisomerase II (and IV) |
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What 2 antibiotic regiments are used to stop the recurrent H. pylori caused GI ulcers (70% stomach, ~100% duodenal ulcers) and to reduce the potential associated GI malignancies.
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Cheep: BMT =bismuth, metronidazole, and tetracycline
Expensive:COA= Clarithromycin, amoxillin, omeprazole |
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1st gen Cephalosporins
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1)Cephalexin
2)Cefazolin 3))Cefadroxil |
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Cephalexin
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1st gen Cephalosporins
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Cefazolin
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1st gen Cephalosporins
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Cefadroxil
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1st gen Cephalosporins
-DOC surgical prophylaxis |
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2nd Gen Cephalosporins (5)
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1) Cefoxitin
2) Cefprozil 3) Cefuroxime 4) Cefalcor 5) Cefotetan |
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Cephalosporins are inactive against
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CLAME
Clostridium difficile Listeria Atypicals (chlamydia, mycoplasma) MRSA Enterococci |
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what antibiotics are structural analogs to PABA and act as an antimetabolite to Dihydropteroate synthetase.
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Sulfonimides
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Enzyme related to folic acid synthesis that is unique to bacteria.
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Dihydropteroate synthetase.
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Enzyme related to folic acid synthesis that is found in humans and bacteria?
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Dihydrofolate Reductase
Dihydofolic acid to Tetrahydrofolic acid |
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Dihydropteroate synthetas is targeted by what antibiotics?
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Sulfonimides
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What antibiotics target Dihydrofolate Reductase
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-Trimethoprim
-Pyrimethamine |
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UTI bugs
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1)Escheria Coli
2)Staph saprophyicus 3)Klebsiella pneumoniae -Serratia marcescens -Enterobacter cloacae -Proteus mirabilis -Pseudomonas aeruginosa |
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Penicillin G
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DOC:Clostridium perfringens (gas ganrene)
DOC: Treponema pallidum (syphilis) |
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Ampicillin
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DOC: Listeria monocytogenes
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Ticarcillin/clavulanate
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1st line: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
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Piperacillin/tazobactam
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1st line:Pseudomonas aeruginosa
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Cefazolin (1st gen)
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DOC: surgical prophylaxis
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Cefoxitin (2nd gen sub)
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Bacteroides
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Ceftriaxone (3rd gen)
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1st line: Neiseria gonorrhoeae 1st line: Haemophilus influenzae (meningitis)
1st line: pen resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae 1st: Salmonella (typhoid fever) |
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Cefotaxime (3rd gen)
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1st line: Haemophilus influenzae (meningitis)
1st line: pen resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae |
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Ceftriaxone (1st line)
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1st line:
Haemophilus influenzae (childhood meningitis 6mos-6yrs #3 cause) |
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Cefotaxime (1st line)
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1st line:
Haemophilus influenzae (childhood meningitis 6mos-6yrs #3 cause) |
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Tetracycline (1st line)
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1st line:
-Helicobacter pylori (GI ulces) -Acne |
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Doxycycline (DOC)
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DOC:
Atypicals: -Rikettsia (Rockey mntn spotted fever & thyphus fever) -Chlamydia psittaci (psittacosis) -Chlamydia trachomatis (lymphogramuloma venereum) -Ureaplasma urealyticum (non specific urethritis) -Mycoplasma pneumoniae (atypical/"walking" pneumonia) Borrelia burgdorferi (Lyme disease-spirochete) Calymmatobacterium / Klebsiella granulomatis (granuloma inguinale) |
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Doxycycline (1st line)
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1st line:
-Vibrio cholerae (Cholera) -Brucella (Brucellosis) -Chlamydia pneumoniae |
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Streptomycin (DOC)
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Francisella tularensis (tularemia)
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Streptomycin +tetracycline (DOC)
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Yersinia pestis (plague)
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Gentamicin (DOC)
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Enterococcus (endocarditis and bateremia)
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Gentamicin (1st line)
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1st line:
-Viridans strepococci (endocarditis and bateremia) -Strepococcus agalactiae (endocarditis, bateremia, meningitis) -Listeria (bateremia, meningitis) -Campylobacter fetus (endocarditis and bateremia) |
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Gentamicin +doxycycline (1st line)
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-Bruecella (Brucellosis)
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Tobramycin (1st line)
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Pseudomas aeruginosa (pneumonia and bacteremia)
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Erythomycin (1st line)
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Corynebacterium diphtheriae (diphtheria)
Haemophilus ducreyi (chanroid) |
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Clarithromycin (1st line)
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Chlamydia pneumoniae
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Clarithromycin + ethambutol (1st line)
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-Mycobacterium avium intracellulare complex
-Corynebacterium diphtheriae (diphtheria) |
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Azithromycin (DOC)
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Chlamydia trachomatis (conjunctivitis, trachoma, nonspecific urethritis)
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Azithromycin (DOC)
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-Legonella pneumophilia (Legionnaires' disease)
-Chlamydia pneumoniae -Cornyebacterium diphtheriae (diphtheria) |
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Clindamycin (1st line)
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-Bacteroides
-Fusobacterium |
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SMX-TMP (DOC)
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Nocardia (pulmonary lesions)
Pneumocystis jiroveci (fungi, pneumonia) |
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SMX-TMP (1st line)
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-Haemophilus ducreyi (chanroid)
-Enterobacter -Moraxella catarrhalis (otis, sinusitis and pneumonia) -Haemophilus influenzae (otis, sinusitis and pneumonia) |
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Ciprofloxacin (2nd gen) (1st line)
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-E. Coli (UTIs, prostatitis,
-bacteremia, etc) -Enterobacter (UTIs, etc.) -Pseudomonas (UTIs) -Pseudomonas (cystic fibrosis) -Shigella -Salmonella -Campylobacter (enteritis) -Vibrio cholera (cholera) |
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Levofloxacin (3rd gen) (1st line)
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E. Coli (UTIs, prostatitis, bacteremia, etc)
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Nitrofurantoin (back up)
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E. coli (UTI)
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Chloramphenicol(back up)
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-Rickettsia infections
(Rocky Mountain spotted fever, typhus fever) -Chlamydia psittaci (psittacosis) -Bacteroides infections |
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Doxycycline (back up)
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-Legionella pneumophila (Legionnaires' disease)
-Haemophilus ducreyi (Chancroid) -Clostridium tetani (Tetanus) -Clostridium perfringens (Gas gangrene) |
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Chloramphenicol(50S) Third line
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Meningitis
-Haemophilus injluenzae -Neisseria meningitidis -Streptococcus pneumoniae -Campylobacter fetus" -Salmonella (Severe infections: Typhoid fever, bacteremia) " -Vibrio cholerae (Cholera) -Brucella (Brucellosis) Francisella tularensis (Tularemia) -Yersinia pestis ( Plague) -Streptobacillus infections -Fusobacterium infections -Listeria (bacteremia) -Bacillus anthracis |
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Neiseria Gonorrhea
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1st line: 3rd gen cep
-cefixime -cetriaxone |
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Moraxella catarrhalis (otitis, sinusitis)
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1st line: SMX-TMP
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Cornyebacterium diptheriae
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-gram+rod
-aerobic -diptheria 1st line: ACE -Azithromycin -Clarithromycin -Erythomycin |
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Nocardia
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-gram + rod
-aerobic -Nocardiosis DOC: SMX-TMP |
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Listeria monocytogenes
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-Gram + rod
-facultative intracellular -meningitis, bacteremia -#3 neonatal meningitis -listeriosis -foodborne (deli meat & cheese--cold growth DOC: Ampicillin 1st: Gentamycin 3rd: Chloamphenicol others: PenG, erthromycin, SMX-TMP |
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Clostridium perfringens
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-gram + rod
-anerobic spore forming -Gas gangreen DOC: PenG Backup: doxycycline 3rd line: Chloramphenicol |
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Actinomyces israelii
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-Gram + branching rod
-actinomycosis -Gram + branching rod -Anerobic -Actinomycosis DOC:Pen G Alt: Erthromycin, erthromycin, clindamycin, sulfonamides |
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Clostridium tetani
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-gram + rod
-anerobic spore forming (DOC:metrodidazole) -1st line: Vancomycin -backup: doxycycline Alt: Pen G, Erthromycin, clindamycin |
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Legionella pneumophila
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-weakly gram - pleomorphic rod
-facultative intracellular -Legionnaires disease (atypical pneumonia) -Pontiac fever 1st line azithromycin back up: Doxcycline Alt: Erythromycin, clarithromycin, Telitromycin, SMX-TMP -flouroquolones |
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Chlamydia Trachomatis
lymphogramuloma venereum |
DOC: Doxycycline (tetracycline)
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Chlamydia Trachomatis
-trachoma |
DOC:Azithromycin (macrolide)
Alt: doxycycline |
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Chlamydia Trachomatis
-inclusion conjunctivitis |
DOC:Azithromycin (macrolide)
Alt: doxycycline |
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Chlamydia Trachomatis
-urethritis, cervicitis |
DOC: Azithromycin (macrolide)
Alt: Doxycycline (tetracycline) Ofloxacin(2nd gen Fluroquin) Levofloxacin (3rd gen Fluorquin) |
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Chlamydia Trachomatis
-lymphogramuloma venereum |
DOC: Doxycycline (tetracycline)
Alt: Azithromycin (macrolide) SMX-TMP (sulfonamide) |
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Chlamydia pneumoniae
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1st line:
-Azithromycin (macrolide) -doxycycline (tetracycline) Alt: Telithromycin (ketolide) |
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Chlamydia psitaci
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DOC: Doxycycline (tetracycline)
backup: chloamphenicol |
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Pseudomonas aeruginosa
(UTI & Pseudomal infections related to Cystic fibrosis) |
1st line Ciprofoxacin (2nd gen Flouroquin)
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Pseudomonas aeruginosa
pneumonia, bacteremia, meningitis |
1st line:
-piperacillin/clavulate -ticarcillin/tazobzctam -tobramycin -cetazidime (3rd gen Ceph) -cefepime (4th gen Ceph) Alt: polytrim, Doripenem |
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Should not be used against Serratia and Pseudomonas aeruginosa
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Kanamycin
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Bacteroides fragilis
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-Anerobic
1st line: -Cefoxitin (2nd gen ceph) -Clindamycin Back up: chloramphenicol paper says DOC: methronidaloe |
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Fusobacterium
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-Anaerobic gram - rod
1st line: Clindamycin 3rd line: Chloramphnicol |
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H. pylori
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-microaerophilic
1st line: tetracycline Alt: Amoxicillin, Calrithromycin |
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Vibrio cholerae
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-cholera
1st line: -doxycycline (tetracycline) -ciprofloxacin (2nd gen FQ) |
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Campylobacter jejuni
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-gram neg curved rods w/ polar flagella ("gulls wings")
-US mcc gastroenteritis 1st line: ciprofloxacin (2nd gen FQ) |
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Campylobacter fetus
(endocarditis and bacteremia ) |
-endocarditis and bacteremia
1st line: -Gentamicin (Aminoglycoside) Alt: -Ceftriaxone (3rd gen Cef) -Amipcillin (aminopenicillin) |
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Campylobacter fetus
(meningitis) |
3rd line
-cholorphenicol (50S) |
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Enteritis
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Enteritis is inflammation of the small intestine.
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Shigella
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-gram neg rod
1st line: -ciprofloxacin (2nd gen FQ) -dont use amoxicillin (enteritis) |
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What penicillin is well absorbed and is not useful for the therapy of shigella- or salmonella-derived enteritis
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Amoxicillin
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Salmonella typhi
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-typhoid fever
1st line: -ceftriaxone (3rd gen ceph) -ciprofloxacin (2nd gen FQ) 3rd line: -Chloramphenicol (50S) |
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Other Salmonella spp.
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+typhi drugs
-Ampicillin or amoxicillin -SMX-TMP -dont use amoxicillin (enteritis) |
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Haemophilus influenzae
upper respiratory -otitis media -sinusitis -pneumonia |
1st line SMX-TMP
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Haemophilus influenzae
meningitis, epiglottitis, |
1st line:
-cefotaxime -ceftriaxone |
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Haemophilus ducreyi
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1st line:
-SMX-TMP -Erythromycin Backup: Doxycycline |
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Klebsiella
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DOC: Cephalosporins (3rd,4th)
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Francisella tularensis
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-tularemia
DOC: streptomycin (macrolide) 3rd line: chloramphenicol (50S) Alt: doxycycline (tetracycline) ciprofloxacin (2nd gen FQ) |
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Brucella spp.
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-facultative intracellular
-zoonotic |
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Yersina pestis
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-Enterobacteriaceae
-Zoonotic -Bubonic Plague DOC: streptomycin +tetracycline 3rd line: chloramphenicol (50S) Alt: ciprofloxacin |
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Enterobacter
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-Enterobacteriaceae
1st line: -SMX-TMP (sulfonamide) -Ciprofloxacin (2nd gen FQ) |
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Eschericia Coli
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-Enterobacteriaceae
1st line -ciprofloxacin -lefofloxacin All cephalosporins are active against Proteus, E.coli, Klebsiella (PEcK) |
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All cephalosporins are active against what 3 micro organisms
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All cephalosporins are active against Proteus, E.coli, Klebsiella (PEcK)
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PEcK
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Proteus
E. coli Klebsiella 1st gen/all cephalosporins |
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PEcK + Hi
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Proteus
E. coli Klebsiella Haemophilus influenzae Gen 2 Cephalosporin |
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PEcK +Hi+ESPN
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3rd gen cephalosporins
Proteus E.Coli H.flu Enterobacteriaceae Serratia marcescens Pseudomonas aeruginosa -Ceftiazidime (taz) Neisseria gonorrhoeae -Ceftriaxone (tri) -Cefixime (fix) Neiserria meningitidis -Ceftriaxone (tri) -Ceftaxime (tax) |
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PEcK +Hi+ESPN
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4th gen: Cefepime
Proteus E.Coli H.flu Enterobacteriaceae Serratia marcescens Pseudomonas aeruginosa++ Neisseria gonorrhoeae Neiserria meningitidis |
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cephyamycins (2)
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-subgroup of 2nd gen
cephalosporins active against anerobic -Bacteroides fragilis -Clostridium perfringens -Cefoxitin -Cefotetan |
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Cefoxitin
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-active agains anaerobic (ABCF)
-fist line: Bacteroides -Clostridium perfringens -Neisseria gonorrhoeae -Serratia |
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Treponema pallidum
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-gram neg spirochete
DOC: pen G /benzathine-Pen G -penicillin allergy: Doxycycline |
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MRSA
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DOC: vancomycin
Alt: -Linezolid -Tigecycline -Daptomycin -Gentamicin -Tobramycin -Quinupristin-Dalfopristin (30s) -mupirocin |
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Rickettsia
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-Rocky Mount Spotted Fever
-Typus fever DOC: Doxycycline Backup: Chloramphenicol (50s) |
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Borrelia Burgorferi
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-gram neg spirochete (BLT)
-microaerophilic -Lyme disease DOC: doxycycline (tetracycline) Alt: -ACE Macrolides -azithromycin -clarithromycin -erythromycin |
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Rocky Mount Spotted Fever (RMSF)
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Rickettsia
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Typus fever
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Rickettsia
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Ototoxic compounds
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1) loop diuretics
2) vancomycin 3) Aminoglycosides 4) Macrolides |
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Antibiotics with Phototoxicity
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-Tetracyclines
-Sulfonamides -Quinolones |
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What are the components of Triple antibiotic ointment (neosporin)?
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Bacitracin
Polymyxin Neomycin |
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What drug works like a tetracycline by blocking the acceptor site, but for the 50S subunit?
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Streptogramins
-Quinupristin-Dalfopristin |
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Aminoglycosides should not be used for what group of bacteria?
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Aminoglycosides acumulate intracellulary in microorganisms via an O2 dependent uptake. Therefore anaerobes are innately resistant.
Anerobes. -Actinomyces -Bacteroides -Clostridium -Fusiform |
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buy AT 30, CELLS at 50
(buy low, sell high) protein inhibitors |
Aminoglycosides
Tetracyclines 30S Chloramphenicol Erythromycin (marolides) Linezolid cLindamycin Streptogramins -Dalfopristin -Quinupristin 50s |
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Streptogramins (2)
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Streptogramins (50s)
-Dalfopristin -Quinupristin |
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typhoid fever
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Salmonella (typhoid fever)
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Listeria monocytogenes is the #3 cause of meningitis in what 2 age groups? How would you treat it?
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Listeria monocytogenes is the #3 cause of meningitis in neonatal and 60+ patients.
DOC = ampicillin |
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penicillinase producing organisms
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-E.Coli
-H.Flu -Moraxella -Pasturella -Klebsiella |
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Newborn 0-6mon menigitis
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1)gram B strept
2)E.Coli 3)Listeria |
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Children 6mon - 6yrs meningitis
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1) Strep pneumo
2) Neisseria monocytogenes 3) H.flu |
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tularemia
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Francisella tularensis
-gram neg aerobic bacilli DOC: Streptomycin |
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Gram negative aerobic bacilli (5)
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1)Pseudomonas
2)Legionella 3)Bordetella 4)Francisella 5)Brucella 2B FLaP |
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What aminoglycosides are very effective against most gram-neg aerobes, and used to treat severe infections
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Gentamicin,Tobramycin, Amikacin
-bacteremia -endocarditis -miningitis -pneumonia -chronic UTIs |
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How would you treat Brucellosis?
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Doxycycline + gentamycin
Brucella |
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what is the broadest spectrum aminoglycoside?
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Amikacin
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UTI bugs
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1) E.Coli
2) Staph Saprophyticus 3) Klebsiella pneumoniae -Serratioa marcescens -Enterobacter clocae -Proteus mirabilis -Pseudomonas aeruginosa |
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Diphtheria
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Corynebacterium diphtheriae
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Atypical pneumonia
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Mycoplasma pneumoniae
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