Pharm: Ans Drugs

Front 1

Epinephrine

Back 1

a1, a2, b1, b2 adrenergic receptor agonist
Tx of anaphylaxis, cardiac arrest, retardation of local anesthetic absorption
contra in DM, shock, heart disease, HTN

Front 2

Norepinephrine

Back 2

a1, a2, b1 adrenergic receptors. NOT b2. agonist
vasodilatory shock (sepsis or spinal shock), retardation of local anesthetic absorption

Front 3

Phenylephrine

Back 3

a1 adrenergic recept agonist
nasal decongestant
longer effect since it can not be degraded by COMT
contra in HTN, hyperthyroidism, urinary retention

Front 4

Clonidine

Back 4

a2 adrenergic recept agonist
uses: HTN, neuropathic pain, withdrawl from tabacco, EtOH, opoids
can lead to hypertensive crisis on removal

Front 5

Apraclonidine

Back 5

a2 adrenergic recept agonist
open angle glaucoma

Front 6

Dobutamine

Back 6

b1 adrenergic recept agonist, very short 1/2 life
cardiogenic shock or failure

Front 7

Albuterol

Back 7

b2 adrenergic recept agonist.
Short acting treatment for asthma,COPD, hyperkalemia
contra in DM, elderly, can lead to hypoxemia from V/Q mismatch, hypokalemia, and hyperglycemia

Front 8

Salmetrol

Back 8

b2 adrenergic recept agonist
long acting treatment for asthma
contra in DM, elderly

Front 9

Phenoxybenzamine

Back 9

irreversible alpha adrenergic block through covalent bonding
used pre-op in pheochromacytoma, but lasts for 7 days after last dose

Front 10

Prazosin

Back 10

a1 adrenergic antagonist,
improve urinary flow in BPH, HTN, Raynaud's
can cause orthostatic HTN

Front 11

Yohibine

Back 11

a2 blocker
postural hypertension and impotence

Front 12

Metaprolol

Back 12

b1 blocker. Crosses BBB

Front 13

Atenolol

Back 13

b1 blocker, hydophilllic, so does not cross BBB.

Front 14

Labetalol

Back 14

a1 and partial b1/b2 adrenergic antagonist, so okay for asthmatics.

Front 15

Tyramine

Back 15

breakdown of tyrosine in foods, transformed into octopamine that displaces NE and can lead to hypertensive crisis. Usually only a problem when MAO mechanism is impaired

Front 16

Methlydopa

Back 16

taken up by adrenergic neurons and transformed into methylnorepi which is an a2 receptor agonist, thereby reducing central adrenergic tone. (like clonidine)
Tx for HTN in preg

Front 17

Amphetamine

Back 17

stim release of monoamines (NE, DA, 5-HT)
Tx for ADD, narcolepsy, weight reduction

Front 18

Cocaine

Back 18

blocks catecholamine reuptake in CNS and PNS

Front 19

Ephedrine

Back 19

decongestant and expectorant due to vasoconstrictive effects

Front 20

Propanolol

Back 20

non-selective beta adrenergic antagonist
Tx of HTN, anxiety, hyperthroidism, migraines

Front 21

Pindolol

Back 21

partial b2 agonist, so okay in asthma

Front 22

Metyrosine

Back 22

inhibits tyrosine hydroxylase, so decreases amount of endogenous catecholamines
Tx of postural HTN, diarrhea, sedation, pre-op prep in pheochromocytoma

Front 23

Isoproterenol

Back 23

non-selective beta adrenergic receptor agonist
huge increase in HR, huge decrease in PVR. IV only.
Tx for beta-blocker overdose, Torsade de pointes

Front 24

Bethenechol

Back 24

choline ester that is not sensitive to cholinesterases.
used for xerostomia, post-op non obstructive ileus, and post-op or post partum urinary retention

Front 25

Neostigmine

Back 25

reversible cholinesterase inhibitor. Quaternay amine, can NOT cross BBB
tx for urinary retention, myasthenia gravis.

Front 26

Donepezil

Back 26

SELECTIVE inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase in the brain, with little effect in the periphery.
Used in Alzheimer's disease

Front 27

Physostigmine

Back 27

reversible cholinesterase inhibitor. Binds cholinesterase and is resistant to removal, to effect 1-6 hours. Teritary amine, cross BBB.
Used in open angle glaucoma

Front 28

Atropine

Back 28

m-blocker
antispasmodic, manage Achesterase overdose, antidiarrheal

Front 29

Ipratropium

Back 29

m-blocker
tx of asthma and COPD, no CNS entry

Front 30

Scopolamin

Back 30

m-blocker
used in motion sickness, causes sedation and short term memory block

Front 31

Pilocarpine

Back 31

muscarinic agonist
tx for glaucoma by stretching the ciliary muscle and opening the canal of schlemm. Also used for xerostomia

Front 32

Methacholine

Back 32

muscarinic agonist
tx bronchial hyperactivity

Front 33

organophosphates (ex:sarin)

Back 33

insecticides and nerve agents due to irreversible binding of acetycholinesterase

Front 34

timolol

Back 34

beta blocker
Tx of glaucoma by decreasing b2 aqueous humor formation

Front 35

Carvedilol

Back 35

alpha and beta blocker
Tx of chronic stable heart failure

Front 36

Esmolol

Back 36

b1 blocker, used for HTN, 10 min 1/2 life, parenteral admin only

Front 37

Achetylcholine

Back 37

all muscarinic/nicotinic agonist. Rapidly degraded by AchE

Front 38

Carbachol

Back 38

choline ester, used for open angle glacoma. Not degraded by AchE

Front 39

tamsulosin

Back 39

a2 blocker
prostate hypertrophy

Front 40

sotalol

Back 40

non-selective beta blocker
pronounced K+ channel blocking, increased QT interval

Front 41

muscarine

Back 41

no theraputic use, but found in mushrooms. M-receptor agonist

Front 42

endrophonium

Back 42

reversible cholinesterase inhibitor, 10 min half life, does not travel to CNS
used for Dx of myasthenia gravis

Front 43

Parathion

Back 43

Irreversible cholinsterase inhibitor. Absorbed through skin. Organophosphate, like those in sarin gas and pesticides

Front 44

Tx of organophosphate poisoning

Back 44

maintenance of vitals
diazepam for convulsions
atropine
pralidoxime

Front 45

cause of death by organophosphates

Back 45

bronchoconstriction, resp center paralysis

Front 46

Pralidoxime

Back 46

can rapidly regenerate "unaged" AChE bound by organophosphates.
treatment in organophosphate poisoning

Front 47

Darifenacin

Back 47

m3-blocker, crosses BBB
used for urinary incontinence and neurogenic bladder

Front 48

Homatropine

Back 48

nonselective m-blocker.
ophthalmology to induce mydrasis for exam

Front 49

Benztropine

Back 49

nonselective m-blocker.
used to treat Parkinsons

Front 50

Glycopyrrolate

Back 50

non-selective m-blocker, does not cross BBB
used to reduce visceral hypermotility

Front 51

Tiotropium

Back 51

non-selective m-blocker, does not cross BBB
used for asthma and COPD. Same as ipratropium with longer duration of action

Front 52

Nicotine

Back 52

only an issue in overdose, usually a kid

Front 53

Mecamylamine

Back 53

blocks ALL ANS ganglion, so unpredictable. NOTE: if used with NE, NE still has effects on heart, but reflex bradycardia is unable to response due to pathway gone.