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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
what are the two major classes of cholinergic drugs?
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agonists and antagonists
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how do direct cholinergic receptors work?
indirect |
bind directly to receptor
inhibit ACh break down |
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which drugs tend to be more helpful, those that bind to muscarinic or nicotinic receptors? why?
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muscarinic b/c they are more in the periphery where you want to have an effect
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What is a direct acting cholinergic drug that encourages urine activity and is helpful in increasing GI motility
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Bethanechol (Duvoid)
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what are Carbachol (carastat) and pilocarpine (pilocar) used for & their route of administration
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glaucoma
topical |
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________ is an indirect cholinergic drug that mostly affects muscarinic receptors
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Neostigmine
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Tacrine/ donepezil are what class of drugs?
on what part of the body do they have more effects? |
indirect acting cholinergic drugs
the brain |
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What type of drugs are used to treat GI/bladder atonia?
what is one example? |
direct cholinergic agonists
Bethanechol (Duvoid) |
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how do treatments for glucoma work? what are two examples?
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increase the outflow of aqueous humor, thus lowering pressure
carbachol (carastat) & pilocarpine (pilocar) |
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what types of drugs are used in alzheimers?
When during the progression of the disease are they uses |
indirect cholinergic stimulants
early on |
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What are two classes of drugs and one specific drug at may be uses to treat Myasthenia gravis?
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Immune suppressants
Indirect cholinergic receptors Neostigmine |
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when are neuromuscular blockers used and what can be given to help reverse the effects?
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during Sx c general anesthesia
indirect cholinergic stimulants |
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What are adverse effects of cholinergic stimulants?
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GI distress (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abd cramps)
increased salivation Bronchoconstriction Bradycardia Difficulty c visual accomodation |
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What are two sub types of anti-nicotinic drugs?
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ganglion blockers
neuromuscular blockers |
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when are ganglion blockers generally given?
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during emergent HTN
|
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what is the prototypical antimuscarinic drug?
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atropine
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What is the primary use of antimuscarinic drugs?
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adjunct treatment of GI disorders such as pepticulcers or IBS
decrease GI tract stimulation |
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What are "other" uses of antimuscarinic drugs
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Parkinson's
CVD motion sickness prep for eye exam |
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What are side effect of antimuscarinic drugs
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Dry mouth
blurred vision urinary retention constipation tachycardia |
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what are α-1 agonists used for?
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hypotension
nasal congestion paroxymal superventricular tachycardia |
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what are α-1 antagonists used for?
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HTN
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what are α-2 agonists used for?
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HTN
Spacticity |
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what are β-1 agonists used for?
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increase cardiac function and CO
|
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what are β-1 antagonists used for?
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HTN
Arrhythmia angina heart failure MI |
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what are β-2 agonists used for?
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prevent bronchospasms
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What is a direct agonist to all 4 α & β receptors?
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epinephrine
|
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what is ephedrine used for?
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Malissa...severe emergent hypotension
bronchodilator |
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what is an example of a α-1 selective agonist?
what are the side effects? |
phenylephrine (neo-synephrine)
HTN HA reflex bradycardia |
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what are two α-2 selective agonists and there uses?
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clonidine (Duraclon); HTN (central acting)
tizanidine (Zanaflex); spacticity |
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What are the adverse effects of α-2 agonists?
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dizziness, drowsiness, dry mouth
toxicity=difficulty breathing, bradycardia, syncope |
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what type of drug is dobutamine (Dobutrex)?
what is it used for? adverse effect? |
β-1 selective agonist
shock, heart failure arrhythmia |
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What is an example of a β-2 selective agonist?
What is it used to treat? Adverse effects? |
albuterol (proventil)
asthma, bronchitis, emphysema nervousness, restlessness, trembling |
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what may non-selective β agonist be prescribed for?
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asthma
|
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What are the adverse effects of mixed α& β agonists?
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excess CNS excitation
excess stimulation of the cardiovascular system |
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what types of drugs have the suffix -olol?
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β blockers
|
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What drug may be given to a pt who has a tumor causing increased secreation of epi and norepi?
What type of drug is it? what are the adverse effects? |
phentolamine (regitine)
α antagonist reflex tachycardia, OH |
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What class of drug is prazosin (minipress)?
what does it treat? what are its adverse effects? route of administration? |
α-1 selective antagonist
HTN reflex tachycardia, OH oral |
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what is propanolol's (inderal) adverse effects?
contraindications? |
bronchoconstruction & increased airway resistance; excessive depression of cardiac fxn
COPD, asthma |
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what is a β blocker that asthmatics can take?
what is the route of administration? |
metoprolol (lopressor)
oral or IV |