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39 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
what are the two major classes of cholinergic drugs?
agonists and antagonists
how do direct cholinergic receptors work?

indirect
bind directly to receptor

inhibit ACh break down
which drugs tend to be more helpful, those that bind to muscarinic or nicotinic receptors? why?
muscarinic b/c they are more in the periphery where you want to have an effect
What is a direct acting cholinergic drug that encourages urine activity and is helpful in increasing GI motility
Bethanechol (Duvoid)
what are Carbachol (carastat) and pilocarpine (pilocar) used for & their route of administration
glaucoma
topical
________ is an indirect cholinergic drug that mostly affects muscarinic receptors
Neostigmine
Tacrine/ donepezil are what class of drugs?

on what part of the body do they have more effects?
indirect acting cholinergic drugs

the brain
What type of drugs are used to treat GI/bladder atonia?

what is one example?
direct cholinergic agonists

Bethanechol (Duvoid)
how do treatments for glucoma work? what are two examples?
increase the outflow of aqueous humor, thus lowering pressure

carbachol (carastat) & pilocarpine (pilocar)
what types of drugs are used in alzheimers?
When during the progression of the disease are they uses
indirect cholinergic stimulants

early on
What are two classes of drugs and one specific drug at may be uses to treat Myasthenia gravis?
Immune suppressants
Indirect cholinergic receptors
Neostigmine
when are neuromuscular blockers used and what can be given to help reverse the effects?
during Sx c general anesthesia

indirect cholinergic stimulants
What are adverse effects of cholinergic stimulants?
GI distress (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abd cramps)
increased salivation
Bronchoconstriction
Bradycardia
Difficulty c visual accomodation
What are two sub types of anti-nicotinic drugs?
ganglion blockers

neuromuscular blockers
when are ganglion blockers generally given?
during emergent HTN
what is the prototypical antimuscarinic drug?
atropine
What is the primary use of antimuscarinic drugs?
adjunct treatment of GI disorders such as pepticulcers or IBS

decrease GI tract stimulation
What are "other" uses of antimuscarinic drugs
Parkinson's
CVD
motion sickness
prep for eye exam
What are side effect of antimuscarinic drugs
Dry mouth
blurred vision
urinary retention
constipation
tachycardia
what are α-1 agonists used for?
hypotension
nasal congestion
paroxymal superventricular tachycardia
what are α-1 antagonists used for?
HTN
what are α-2 agonists used for?
HTN
Spacticity
what are β-1 agonists used for?
increase cardiac function and CO
what are β-1 antagonists used for?
HTN
Arrhythmia
angina
heart failure
MI
what are β-2 agonists used for?
prevent bronchospasms
What is a direct agonist to all 4 α & β receptors?
epinephrine
what is ephedrine used for?
Malissa...severe emergent hypotension

bronchodilator
what is an example of a α-1 selective agonist?

what are the side effects?
phenylephrine (neo-synephrine)

HTN
HA
reflex bradycardia
what are two α-2 selective agonists and there uses?
clonidine (Duraclon); HTN (central acting)

tizanidine (Zanaflex); spacticity
What are the adverse effects of α-2 agonists?
dizziness, drowsiness, dry mouth

toxicity=difficulty breathing, bradycardia, syncope
what type of drug is dobutamine (Dobutrex)?
what is it used for?
adverse effect?
β-1 selective agonist

shock, heart failure

arrhythmia
What is an example of a β-2 selective agonist?

What is it used to treat?

Adverse effects?
albuterol (proventil)

asthma, bronchitis, emphysema

nervousness, restlessness, trembling
what may non-selective β agonist be prescribed for?
asthma
What are the adverse effects of mixed α& β agonists?
excess CNS excitation

excess stimulation of the cardiovascular system
what types of drugs have the suffix -olol?
β blockers
What drug may be given to a pt who has a tumor causing increased secreation of epi and norepi?

What type of drug is it?

what are the adverse effects?
phentolamine (regitine)

α antagonist

reflex tachycardia, OH
What class of drug is prazosin (minipress)?

what does it treat?

what are its adverse effects?

route of administration?
α-1 selective antagonist

HTN

reflex tachycardia, OH

oral
what is propanolol's (inderal) adverse effects?

contraindications?
bronchoconstruction & increased airway resistance; excessive depression of cardiac fxn

COPD, asthma
what is a β blocker that asthmatics can take?

what is the route of administration?
metoprolol (lopressor)

oral or IV