Pharm-Abx, Antivirals

Front 1

how treat C dif

Back 1

metronidazole or vanc

Front 2

ceph of choice for B fragiles

Back 2

Cefoxitin

Front 3

Ceftazidime

Back 3

3rd gen ceph

Front 4

cefpodox

Back 4

3rd gen oral ceph

Front 5

ceftibuten

Back 5

3rd gen oral ceph

Front 6

cefazolin

Back 6

1st gen IV ceph

Front 7

what DOC for gonorrhea

Back 7

Ceftriaxone

Front 8

what are limitations of ceftriax

Back 8

no MRSA, no Entero

Front 9

coverage of Ceftazidime

Back 9

(3rd gen) general +/- with Pseudo, no MRSA or Entero

Front 10

RMSF tx

Back 10

in adult tetracycline, in child/preg chloramphenicol

Front 11

tx NGU

Back 11

doxycycline or azithro (good coverage chlamydia)

Front 12

tx CAP, (1 agent and coverage, this also covers...)

Back 12

azithromycin, covers H flu, Legionella, M pneu, and C pneu. also covers MAIC and N mening, also used for NGU

Front 13

tx brucella

Back 13

tetracyclines (ie doxycycline)

Front 14

tx atypical PNA (3)

Back 14

tetracyclines (covers Legionella, Chlamydia Pneu, M Pneu, as well as H Flu) and azithro (DOC for CAP), FQ (good GNR, H Flu, atypicals)

Front 15

general properties of AG
positives:
negatives:

Back 15

positives: GNR including Pseudo, expanded w b-lactam,
negatives: toxicities, not useful N mening, atypicals, anaerobes,

Front 16

prophylaxis meningo

Back 16

rifampin

Front 17

recurrent UTI

Back 17

TMP/SMZ

Front 18

Are Carbenicillin, Piperacillin, and Ticarcillin penicillinase resistant?

Back 18

no

Front 19

coverage aztreonam

Back 19

only GNR, including Pseudo

Front 20

coverage imipenem

Back 20

general +/-, Pseudo, anaerobes, DOC for enterobacter (NOT MRSA, VRE)

Front 21

coverage Cipro

Back 21

general +/- and atypicals, including Pseudo, NOT MRSA or entero

Front 22

coverage Zosyn

Back 22

GNR including Pseudo, general + (not MRSA), not atypicals,

Front 23

does gatofloxacin cover M Pneu

Back 23

yes

Front 24

Name fluoroquinolones and general coverage

Back 24

Ciprofloxacin, Gatifloxacin, "floxacin"
coverage: general +/- and atypicals, Cipro covers Pseudo, NOT MRSA or entero

Front 25

Name Macrolides

Back 25

Erythromycin, Azithromycin, Clarithromycin (NOT Gentamicin, Tobramycin)

Front 26

name aminoglycosides

Back 26

Gentamicin, Tobramycin (NOT Erythromycin, Azithromycin, Clarithromycin (macrolides), macrolides all end in "thromycin")

Front 27

how aminoglycosides and macrolides difft

Back 27

macrolides much safer, also cover atypicals and some anaerobes, but not Pseudo, whereas AG almost all gram - incl Pseudo

Front 28

tx Pseudo

Back 28

-anti pseudo PCN (Zosyn, Pipera/Tazo)
-Imipenem or aztreonam
-3/4 Cephalo
-cipro
-AG (gent)
(not macrolides)
per First Aid-gent+piperacillin

Front 29

tx anaerobes (4)

Back 29

-clinda
-chloramphenicol
-metronidazole
-vanc

Front 30

tx MRSA

Back 30

-linezolid
-daptomycin
-rifampin
-vanc

Front 31

tx VRE

Back 31

-linezolid
-daptomycin
-aminoPCN

Front 32

tx GNR enterics

Back 32

-aztreonam/imipenem
-FQ
-AG
-3rd ceph
(not macrolides, tetracyclines)

Front 33

tx H Flu

Back 33

-some PCN
-aztreonam/imip
-FQ
-Ceph
-AG
-macrolides
-tetracyclines
-rifampin

Front 34

bactericidal

Back 34

PCN and FQ,
ceph, AG, vanc, metronidazole

Front 35

toxicity Griseofulvin

Back 35

Teratogenic, Carcinogenic, Confusion, Headaches, incr wafarin metabolism

Front 36

interferons MOA

Back 36

gycoproteins from luekocytes that block viral RNA/DNA syn

Front 37

use of interferons

Back 37

Hep B, C, Kaposi's sarcoma
Hep C also ribavirin

Front 38

tx worms

Back 38

mebendazole

Front 39

tx flukes

Back 39

praziquantel

Front 40

tx tapeworm

Back 40

niclosamide

Front 41

cestode

Back 41

tapeworm

Front 42

nematode

Back 42

round worm

Front 43

trematode

Back 43

fluke

Front 44

UTI tx (2)

Back 44

sulfa or FQ (cipro or norflox)

Front 45

name bug naturally resist to Pen G

Back 45

enterococci

Front 46

SE imipenem/cilast

Back 46

GI distress
slom rash
sz

Front 47

vanc SE

Back 47

in general well tolerated
Nephrotoxic
Ototoxis
Thromophlebitis
red man syndrome

Front 48

if person PCN allergic what could you use for a GNR PNA

Back 48

aztreonam

Front 49

SE macrolides

Back 49

GI, acute cholestatic hepatitis, eosinophilia, skin rashes
"GHER"

Front 50

macrolide in combo: beware when used w

Back 50

T de pointes:
ketoconazole, flucanzole, clarithro, nefazadine, indinavir, cisapride

Front 51

Fanconi syn can be seen with what Abx

Back 51

tetracyclines

Front 52

which tetracycline useful in RF
what other Rx useful in RF

Back 52

doxycycline, also aztreonam

Front 53

toxicity AG

Back 53

nephrotoxic (esp w cephalo)
ototoxic (esp w loop)

Front 54

vestibular toxicity

Back 54

AG: gent, tobra, strepto
tetracycline: minocycline

Front 55

what tetracycline can be used to tx siADH

Back 55

demeclocycline

Front 56

what can be used in pt with PCN allergy with more atypical

Back 56

macrolide, tetracycline

Front 57

sulfonamides inhib? trimeth/pyr?

Back 57

sulfonamide=dihydropteroate synthase
termieth/pyr=dihydrofolate reductase

Front 58

SE trimethoprim

Back 58

megaloblastic anemia, leukopenia, granulocytopenia (can supplement with folic)

Front 59

SE FQ

Back 59

GI, superinfxns, skin rashes, HA, dizziness, tendonitis/tendon rupture. NOT in preg or KIDS

Front 60

INH toxicity

Back 60

hemo G6PD, neuro, hepato, SLE
for neuro give B6
fast v. slow acetylators
Think My Fair Lady "GHANS"=G6PD, hepato, acetylators, neuro (B6), SLE and H in INH for Hepburn

Front 61

SE metronidazole

Back 61

disulfram rxn w EtOH, HA

Front 62

be careful with cefamandole

Back 62

disulfiram rxn w ETOH

Front 63

SE amantadine

Back 63

ataxia, dizzy, slurred speech

Front 64

mech amantadine

Back 64

blockes viral penetration/uncoating may buffer pH endosome
(also rel DA)

Front 65

SE ribavirin

Back 65

hemo anemia, TERATOGEN

Front 66

SE rifampin

Back 66

minor, exc red/or body fluids, incr P450

Front 67

how do macrolides resist Abx

Back 67

methyl of rRNA near erythro RNA binding site

Front 68

AG resistance

Back 68

modification, ie acetylation, adenylation, or phosphorylation

Front 69

chloramphenicol resist

Back 69

modification via acetylation

Front 70

tetracycline resist

Back 70

decr uptake or incr transport out
think t for "transport"

Front 71

sulfonamide resist

Back 71

altered enzyme, decr uptake or incr PABA syn

Front 72

where specifically macrolides act

Back 72

bind to 23s rRNA of 50S and block translocation

Front 73

where specific does chloramphenicol act

Back 73

inhibit 50S peptidyltrxs

Front 74

where Clinda specif act

Back 74

blocks peptide bond formation at 50S

Front 75

how specific AG act

Back 75

inhibit formation of initiation and cause misreading of mRNA---remember need O2 for uptake

Front 76

what does aztreonam bind to

Back 76

PBP3

Front 77

mech Metron

Back 77

forms toxic metabolites

Front 78

mech griseofulvin

Back 78

disrupt microtubules

Front 79

mech INH

Back 79

inhibit mycolic acid

Front 80

mech ribavirin

Back 80

inhib guanine, inhib IMP dehydrogenase

Front 81

inhibit viral polymerase

Back 81

rifampin, acyclovir, gancic, fosa

Front 82

bacteriocidal

Back 82

PCN, FQ, Ceph, AG, vanc, metron

Front 83

polymyxins-action, toxicity

Back 83

cationic basic proteins that act as detergent, disrupting bac cell mem
use: resist gram - infxns
neurotoxicity, renal ATN

Front 84

SE amph B

Back 84

F/C (shake and bake), hypotension, nephrotoxic, arrhyth

Front 85

SE "azoles"

Back 85

gynecomastia, induce P450, F/C

Front 86

flucytosine SE

Back 86

(for systemic fungal, converted to fluorouracil and competes w uracil)

N/V, diarrhea, BM suppression

Front 87

caspofungin SE

Back 87

(for invasive aspergillosis, inhibits cell wall synthesis)

GI, flushing

Front 88

terbinafine mech, use

Back 88

mech: inhib fungal enz squalene epoxidase
dermatophytes, esp onychomycosis

Front 89

compare antivirals Ayclovir, Ganc, Foscarnet

Back 89

Ayclovir=needs P, less toxic, use for HSV, VZV, EBV
Ganciclovir=needs P, toxic, use CMV
Foscarnet=no P, use if CMV tx with ganciclovir fails

Front 90

SE Foscarnet

Back 90

nephrotoxicity

Front 91

SE Ganciclovir

Back 91

Leuko, neuto, thrombocyto -penia,
renal toxicity

Front 92

SE acyclovir

Back 92

delirium, tremoe, nephrotoxic

Front 93

name Protease Inhib for HIV

Back 93

saquinavir, ritonavir, "-avir"
BUT abacavir is NRTI

Front 94

SE PI for HIV

Back 94

GI, hypergly, dislipidemia, (indinavir thrombocytopenia)

Front 95

name NRT

Back 95

Zidovudine (AZT), didanosine (ddI), zalcitabine (ddC), stavudine (d4T), lamivudine (3TC), abacavir

Front 96

didanosine

Back 96

NRT (aka ddI)

Front 97

zalcitabine

Back 97

NRT (aka ddC)

Front 98

stavudine

Back 98

NRT (aka d4T)

Front 99

toxic specific to NRT

Back 99

lactic acidosis,
AZT=mega anemia

Front 100

toxic specific to NNRT

Back 100

rash

Front 101

name NNRT

Back 101

nevirapine, delavirdine, efavirenz

Front 102

delavirdine

Back 102

an NNRT

Front 103

nevirapine

Back 103

an NNRT

Front 104

general toxicities of HAART

Back 104

BM suppression (neutropenia, anemia), peripheral neuropathy

Front 105

generally start HAART

Back 105

CD4<500 or hi viral load