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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Define Efficacy? |
The longest effect that a drug can have after administration |
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Potency? |
The smallest amount of drug needed to produce an effect on the body (Strong drug) |
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Toxicity? |
Physiological effects caused by excessive dosing (poisonous) |
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Half life |
The time needed for a drug to decrease 50% in the body (The longer the half life the less frequent the doses) |
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Selectivity |
The drug binds to a receptor to produce beneficial effect and minimize side effects |
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Interpersonal Variation |
How an individual reacts to a certain drug ( everyone has a different reaction) |
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Tolerance |
A patient gets used to a drug so it doesn't work the same and now more drugs is needed to produce an effect ( larger dose needed to produce effect) |
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Therapeutic index |
The drug is above minimal effective concentration but below toxic level ( within safe range ) |
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Bioavailability |
When a drug becomes available to the target site |
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What effects dose grapefruit juice have on meds? |
It inhibits drug metabolism and increases the drug blood levels |
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Bioequivalence |
Two drugs with similar ingredients produce the same effect |
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Medwatch |
FDA's safety and adverse events reporting program (ADR's) |
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Where is Cytochrome p450 (CP450) found and what's it's function? |
CP450 is found in the liver and it focuses on the metabolism of drugs |
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PharmacoKinetics |
The movement of drugs through the body |
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PharmacoDynamics |
What drugs do to the body |
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What is the difference between parenteral and enteral? |
•Parenteral- Injections (outside GI tract) • Enteral - Oral (moves through GI system) |
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What are the four (4) process that makes up pharmacokinetics? |
• Absorption- movement of drug frm site of administration into blood • Distribution- movement of drug frm blood to tissues and then cell • Metabolism- the structure of the drug is altered • Excretion- movement of drug going out of the body |
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What are the three (3) different mechanism in which drugs cross cell membranes? |
• Channels and pores • Transport systems (P- glycoprotein) • Direct penetration of the membrane |
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What is P-Glycoprotein? |
A protein that transport many drugs out of cells |
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Where does most drug metabolism take place? |
In the Liver |
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Where dose most drug excretion takes place? |
Kidneys |
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Define Lipid solubility. |
The maximum concentration of a chemical that will dissolve in fatty substance (insoluble in water) |
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Hepatic impairment |
A liver disease that may alter response to drugs, drug prescribing should be kept at a minimal |
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Peak and trough- |
The amount of drug in the blood rises for a period of time (Peak) and then begins to falls usually reaching the lowest level (trough) |
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Idiosyncratic response (Type B reactions) |
Drug reactions that occur rarely and unpredictably amongst the population |
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Onset of action |
The duration of time it takes for a drug to begin working upon administration |
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Clinical test phase 1? |
Tested on healthy volunteers determines whether a drug is safe for efficiency |
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Clinical test phase 2-3 |
Testing on patients with actual diseases to determine safe dose |
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Clinical test phase 2-3 |
Testing on patients with actual diseases to determine safe dose |
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Clinical phase 4 |
Watching the use of drugs in the public (safety efficiency) |
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What does the rate of absorption determine? |
How soon the effect will begin |
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What factors affects absorption? |
• rate of dissolution • surface area • blood flow • lipid solubility • pH partitioning |
