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55 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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St. Johns Wort: use
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Depression
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St. Johns Wort: SE
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GI
dizziness fatigue dry mouth restlessness headache phototoxicity may occur |
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St. Johns Wort: Drug Interactions
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CYP3A: cyclosporin, indinavir, theophylline, digoxin
SSRIs |
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What happens when St. Johns Wort is given with SSRIs
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Mental status changes
tremor GI upset restlessness |
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St. Johns Wort: metabolism
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induces CYP3A and P-glycoprotein
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Ephedra: Use
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energy, stimulant, weight loss
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Ephedra: preparation
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Mormon tea
decoctions from stems capsules from dried whole plant or plant extracts |
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Ephedra: contents
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primary alkaloid = ephedrine
also contains pseudoephedrine, phenylpropanolamine |
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Ephedrine mechanism
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a,b agonist --> NE release --> hypertension, cardiac arrhtymias, CNS stim
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Ephedra: SE
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Cardio
CNS death |
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Ephedra: Drug Interactions
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Caffeine --> inc cardio and CNS toxicity
MAOI |
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Echinacea: Use
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Immune stimulant
early tx of URI in adults (no evidence of prevention) |
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Echinacea: mechanims
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stimulates phagocytosis, inc leukocyte mobility, inc cellular respiration
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Echinacea: SE
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hypersensitivity rxns
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Echinacea: Drug interactions
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inhibits CYP3A
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Gingko biloba: use
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Improve blood flow to brain and peripheral circulation. Promoted as memory enhancer
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Gingko biloba: active ingredients
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flavonoids
terpene lactones |
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Gingko biloba: mechanism
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1. antioxidant
2. blocks 5HT3 receptors 3. inc blood flow 4. inhibits PAF |
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Gingko biloba: SE
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bleeding
toxicity with OD (loss of consciousness, tonic/clonic seizures, death) |
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Gingko biloba: Drug Interactions
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drugs that affect platelet function or PTT:
NSAIDS aspirin warfarin clopiodogrel |
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Panax Ginseng: Use
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improve cognitive f(x) physical performance
lowered glucose & dec glycosylated hb levels in diabetics |
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Panax Ginseng: marketed uses
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1. stimulate physically & mentally
2. incr resistance to stresses 3. aphrodisiac 4. tx for weakness 5. atherosclerosis 6. bleeding 7. colitis 8. cancer |
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Panax Ginseng: SE
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HTN
euphoria restless/nervous/insomnia edema diarrhea vaginal bleeding |
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Panax Ginseng: Drug interactions
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warfarin (subtherapeutic response)
phenelzine (manic) |
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Feverfew: use
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migranes (evidence)
arthritis fever menstrual problems dermatitis asthma |
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Feverfew: mechanism
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Inhibits PGI synthesis, platelet serotonin release, platelet aggregation
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Feverfew: SE
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gastric discomfort
oral mucosal ulceration tachycardia rebound myalgia migrane |
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Feverfew: drug interactions
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anticoags
antiplatelets |
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Feverfew: contraindications
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pregnancy (causes uterine contraction)
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Ginger: uses
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nausea d/t motion sickness and morning sickness
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Ginger: mechanism
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In vitro suggests inhibits thromboxane, PGI production and ginger extract
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Ginger: SE
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minor heartburn
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Ginger: drug interactions
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anticoags
antiplatelet |
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Garlic: use
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dec cholesterol (evidence)
lower BP antiplatelet antifungal anti-inflammatory |
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Ginger: mechanism
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inhibits platelet function (inhib thromboxane synthesis)
inhib HMG-CoA |
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Ginger: SE
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heartburn
flatulence sweating lightheadedness allergic rxns menorrhagia |
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Saw Palmetto: use
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BPH
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Saw Palmetto: mechanism
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antiandrogen effects
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Saw Palmetto: SE
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milder than finasteride
GI |
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Valerian: Use
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insomnia (evidence suggests sedative effect)
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Valerian: mechanism
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GABA
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Valerian: SE
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headache
hangover excitability insomnia/uneasiness ataxia hypothermia hallucinations |
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Valerian: Drug interactions
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None, but may potentiate other CNS depressants
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Melatonin: use
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jet lag and problems falling asleep (conflicting evidence)
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Melatonin: source
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synthetic or
derived from bovine pineal gland |
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Melatonin: mechanism
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produced and secreted by pineal during dark, secretion turned off by bright light.
free radical scavenger |
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Melatonin: SE
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headache
psychosis somnolence GI allergic rxns cardio CNS |
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Melatonin: drug interactions
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enhanced by fluvoxamine
blocks anti-HTN effect of nifedipine caution w/ CCB |
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what % of adults use natural products
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25%
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what's the #1 reason for use of natural products
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therapy combined w/ conventional medical treatments would help
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glucosamine/chondroitin: use
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joint pain
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glucosamine/chondroitin: mechanism
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G stims GAG production
chondroitin sulfate inhibits GAG breakdown |
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glucosamine/chondroitin: SE
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upset stomach
potential for cross-contamination w/ shellfish protein (caution for allergies) |
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hepatotoxic plants (4)
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chaparral
germander kava life root |
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carcinogenic plants (6)
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borage
coltsfoot comfrey life root sasafras calamus |
