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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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CNS stimulants |
-drugs that stimulate a specific areas of the brain or spinal cord -sympathomimetic drugs |
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classification of CNS stimulants |
-chemical structural similarities -site of therapeutic action in the CNS -major therapeutic uses |
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major therapeutic uses for CNS stimulants |
ADHD narcolepsy obesity migraine respiratory depression syndromes |
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Drugs for ADHD |
amphetamine methylphenidate atomoxetine(non addictive, may cause suicidal thinking and behavior) lisdexamfetamine |
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Drugs for narcolepsy |
modafinil armodafinil |
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CNS stimulant - mechanism of action |
amphetamines - stimulate areas of the brain associated with mental alertness |
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CNS stimulant - CNS effects |
mood elevation or euphoria increased mental alertness and capacity for work decreased fatigue and drowsiness prolonged wakefulness |
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CNS stimulant - respiratory effects |
-relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle -increased respiration -dilation of pulmonary arteries |
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CNS stimulant - adverse effects |
-wide range, and dose related -tend to speed up body systems -common side effects are tachycardia, palpitations, angina, hypertension, nervousness, anxiety
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CNS stimulant - anorexiants |
-used to treat obesity |
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CNS stimulant common anorexiants |
benzphetamine methamphetamine phentermine orlistat |
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CNS stimulant: anorexiant mechanism of action |
-suppress appetite control centers in the brain -increase the body's basal metabolic rate -mobilization of adipose tissue stores -enhanced cellular glucose uptake -reduce dietary fat absorption |
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CNS stimulant: anorexiant adverse effects |
-possible elevated blood pressure and heart palpitations -anxiety -agiation -dizziness -headache |
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CNS stimulant: antimigraine drugs common types |
almotriptan eletriptain fovatiptan naratriptan rizatriptan sumatriptan zolmitriptan ergot alkaloids |
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CNS stimulants: antimigraine mechanism of action and drug effects |
-triptans stimulate receptors in cerebral arteries causing vasoconstriction and reducing headache symptoms reduce production of inflammatory neuropeptides -ergot alkaloids narrow or constrict blood vessels in the brain |
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CNS stimulants:antimigraine adverse effects for triptans |
vasocontriction irritation at injection site tingling, flushing
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CNS stimulants: antimigraine adverse effects for ergot alkaloids |
nausea and vomiting cold or clammy hands and feet muscle pain dizziness
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CNS stimulants: analeptics |
-used less frequently -still used for neonatal apnea |
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CNS stimulants: analeptics common drugs |
doxapram methylxanthines aminophylline theophylline caffeine |
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CNS stimulants: analeptics - doxapram |
-treatment of respiratory depression associated with anesthetic drugs and drugs of abuse -COPD induced hypercapnia -monitor deep tendon reflexes, vital signs, and heart rhythm to prevent overdosage |
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CNS stimulants: caffeine |
-found in OTC drugs, combination prescription drugs, foods and beverages -use caution with patients with a history of peptic ulcer, recent myocardial infarction, dysrhythmias |
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CNS stimulant: analeptics mechanism of action |
-stimulate areas of CNS that control respiration |
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CNS stimulant: analeptics adverse effects |
-vagal stimulation of gastric secretions, diarrhea, and reflex tachycardia -vasomotor flushing, sweating -respiratory elevated respiratory rate -musculoskeletal muscle tension and tremors |
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nursing implications for CNS stimulant |
-contraindications or interactions(herbal therapies) -abnormal cardiac rhythms, seizures, palpitations, liver problems -for children assess baseline for height and weight |
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NI: CNS stimulant - ADHD |
-last dose given 4-6hours before bedtime to reduce insomnia -take on empty stomach, 30-45 min before meal -have parent monitor response to therapy -monitor for continued growth, height and weight |
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NI: CNS stimulant - anorexiants |
-take in morning -avoid caffeine -follow instructions for diet and exercise -fat-soluble vitamin supplements may be needed |
