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126 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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list the monoamines
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dopamine
NE serotonin |
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serotonin comes from
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tryptophan
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dopamine is found where
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midbrain
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too much dopamine causes
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schizo
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too little dopamine causes
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parkinson's
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NE is a nts in PNS and CNS. List the fxns
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PNS - increase BP, vasoconstriction
CNS- arousal |
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gluatamate
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excitatroy
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GABA
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inhibitory
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aspartate
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excitatory
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huntington's caused by
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too little GABA
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mu receptor
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PEAAR
pain relief euphoria anxiety relief addiction respiratory depression |
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kappa receptor
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MASH
miosis analgesic sedation hallucination |
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delta receptor
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PED
pain relief euphoria dependence |
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name the opiod agonists
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morphine
codine methadone heroin meperidine dextromethorphan |
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morphine
MOA USE |
agonist at mu, ka, delta
use: anxiety, pain, pulmonary edema, sickle cell crisis |
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MORPHINE and other opioid agonists side effects
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MORPHINE
Miosis Out of it --> sedation Respiratory depression Pain relief Hypotension Infreq urination & defecation Nausea Emesis |
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opioid agonist that is a cough suppresant and can be used for pain relief in combo with tylenol
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codeine
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what are sedative hypontics used for
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insomnia tx; makes you go to sleep, sleep longer
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CI of sedative hypnotics
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sleep apnea
alcohol use pregnancy elderly snoring |
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List 4 types of sedative hypnotics
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Halcion (triazolam)
Restoril (temazepam) Ambien Antihistamines - Benadryl |
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which are the 2 BDZ used for sleeping
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halcion (triazolam)
restoril (temazepam) |
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BDZ with long onset that doesnt cause daytime drowsiness but causes rebound REM and insomnia
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Restoril (temazepam)
it RESTORes your insomnia |
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BDZ with short half life that has no daytime effect but can cause confusion
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halcion (triazolam)
descanCIO = sleep HALCION = hallucinations ie confusion |
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what is special about ambien
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acts of BDZ binding site on GABA but isnt a BDZ
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what are the side effects of ambien
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drowsiness
drugged feeling |
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name the 2 major anti anxiety drugs, class, and MOA
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-BDZ (end in am)
-Valium -Xanax modulates chloride channelss on GABA thereby increasing the hyperpol effect |
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why do valium and xanax do
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treat anxiety so when you are anxious your are to excited thus you have to cure it by making you less excited by binding the INHIBITORY nts GABA
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what things beside anxiety and panic attacks is valium and xanax used for
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insomnia
sedative alcohol withdrawl |
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what are the side effects of xanax and valium
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drowsiness
sedation dizzy confused poor coordination |
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what cant a BDZ be mixed with and why
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alcohol because it will kill you!
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what causes psychoses
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too much dopamine
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what is the goal of antipsychotic drugs
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anatgonize dopamine receptors
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List the antipsychotic drugs
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chloropromazine
haloperidol risperidone clozapine olanzapine |
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MOA of chloropromazine
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block D2 recptor
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MOA of haloperidol
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block D2 receptor
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which antipsychotic is more potent chloropromazine or haloperidol
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haloperidol
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visual side effects of D2 antagonists (chloropromazine/haloperidol)
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dilation
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side effect of D2 antagonists
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sedation
urinary retention blurred vision Parkinson like effects |
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risperidone
moa |
atypical antipsychotic
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clozapine
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atypical antipsychotic
D4 antagonists |
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olanzapine
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atypical antipshychotic
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atypical antipsychotic that causes granulocytosis and requires weekly WBC count
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clozapine
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atpical antipsychotic that causes wt gain and sedation
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olanzapine
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atypical antipsychotic that causes cardiac arrythmias by increasing prolactin
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risperidone
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what happens in parkinsons
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dopaminergic neurons are loss in substania nigra
too little dopamine |
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loss of vol motor fxns
depression Alzhiemer's dz |
parkinson's dz
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goal of parkinsons
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increase dopa
replace dopa dopa agonists |
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list the parkinson's drugs
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SALAD
Selegline Anticholinergics L-dopa Amantadine Dopamine agonists |
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can dopamine cross BBB
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NOPE
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crosses BBB and is then converted to dopa; which drug is this
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Levodopa
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what is levodopa always given with
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carbidopa
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use of levodopa
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parkinson's
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levodopa side effects
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arrythmias
nausea vomitting anorexia psychotic problems |
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CI of levodopa
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ANGLE CLOSURE GLAUCOMA
schizo arrythmias melanoma |
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antipsychotic drug that causes hyperpigmentation of RPE
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chloropromazine
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parkinson's symptoms
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TRAP
Tremor at Rest Akinesia loss of Posture |
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carbidopa
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DOESNT CROSS BBB
increased dopamine peripherly |
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carbidopa is always given with ___ as what
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given as Sigemet with l-dopa
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Sigemet
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carbidopa given with l-dopa
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why is carbidopa/sigemet given with l-dopa
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decreases l-dopa side effects
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bromocryptine
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a dopamine 2 receptor agonist
CRYPTS smoke DOPE |
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MAOI inhibitor that decreases levodopa/dopa metabolism thus prolonging its effects
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selegeline
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side effects of selegeline
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insomnia
atrial fibrilation potentiates l-dopa |
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what the problem with MAOI
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lots of drug interactions
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Entacapone (comatan)
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COMT inhibitor
works by increasing 3-methyldopa which competes with ldopa for a carries that carries l-dopa across BBB; methyldopa wins, ldopa not carried thus lasts longer |
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anticholinergic that blocks M Ach receptors to decrease rigidty and twitching
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benztropine (congetin)
tropine like in atropine -- cholinergic antagonist |
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side effects of benztropine
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opp of SLUD
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Amantadine
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antiviral used to decrease tremor and rigidity and bradykinesis in Parkinsons
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list the 4 classes of anti-depressants
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MAOI
TCAs SSRI Atypicals |
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phenelzine
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MAOI
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amitriptiline
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TCA
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prozac
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SSRI
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zoloft
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SSRI
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wellbutrin
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atypical antidepressant
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blocks breakdown of NE and Seorotonis in synaptic cleft to thereby increase these nts
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MAOI --- phenelzine
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MAOI side effecrs
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hypotension
sedation CNS stimulation wt gain sexual dysfxn |
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what can't be mixed with MAOI because it causes deadly hypertensive crises
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tyramine - food like wine, meat, cheese
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what happens if MAOI mixed with a TCA
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hypertension
CNS toxicity high fver |
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what happens when MAOI mixed with SSRIs
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serotonin sickness
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how does amitriptyline work
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at first inhibits NE and/or serotonin reuptake but then down regulates adrenergic and serotonin receptors
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what is amitriptyline used for
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pain
migraine sedation fibromyalagia |
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side effects of amitriptyline (TCA)
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anticholinergic
tachycardia sedation wt gain ortho hypotension sexual disfnx |
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TCA side effects
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TCA'S
thrombocytopenia cardio toxicity anticholinergic sexual dysfxn/seizures |
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TCA are ___ toxic
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HIGHLY
cause death in overdose |
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what should u not take TCA with
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alcohol
MAOI cardio problems |
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MOA of SSRI
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inhibit serotonin reuptake
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DOC for depression
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SSRI because lest side effects
does cause: HA, fatigue, insomnia, decrease libido |
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what should SSRI not be taken with
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MAOI
serotonin syndrome |
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antidepressant that inhibits NE and DOPAMINE reuptake
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wellbutrin
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uses of wellbutrin
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tobacco w/drawl
ADHD depression |
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adavantage of wellbutrin over other antidepressants
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no sexual dysfunction
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list anticonvulsants
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carbamazepine (tegretol)
phenytonin phenobarbital gabapentin (neurontin) valproic acid BDZ - lorazepam and diazepam (valium) |
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enhances GABA by acting on GABA a receptors and inhibits NE reuptake and sodium channels
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carbamazzepine (tegretol)
phenytoin |
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DOC for partial seizures
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tegretol
phenytoin |
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side effect of tegretol
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nystagmus
ataxia |
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side effect of phenytoin
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nystagmus
diplopia gingival hyperplasis ataxia |
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reduces glutaminergic transmission (glutamate is excitatory)
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phenobarbital
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increases GABA by affecting its synthesis, release, and reuptake
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gabapentin (neurontin)
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inhibits Ca current; blocks partial seizures
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valproic acid
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act on GABA receptor and used for status epilepsy
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BDZ
lorazepam diazepam |
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central acting muscle relaxants treat what
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muscle spasm
CNS spasm |
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local acting muscle relaxants do what
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act locally to block muscle contration and reduce spasms
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NMJ blockers do what
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muscle paralysis
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name central acting drugs for spascity
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diazepam
baclofen |
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name local acting drug for spasms
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cyclbenzaprine
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name MNJ blockers
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succinylcholine
tubocurarine |
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diazepam and baclofen act on
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GABA
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cyclobenzarpine moa
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deepress spinal polysynaptic reflexes
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NMJ blockers block
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nicotinic receptors
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NMJ induce
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muscle paralysis
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decreased response to drug effects associated with dependence
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tolerance
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brains need and state of belieing that you need the drug
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physiological dependence
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body's dependancy on drug to survive; withdrawl symptoms without it
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physical dependance
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psycho and physical dependance
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addiction
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LSD
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CNS hyperarousal
interacts with serotonin receptors in brain |
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what does LSD do to eyes
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dilation
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PCP (phencyclidine)
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was an anesthetic that caused hallucinations
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tobacco - nicotine
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mimics Ach at preganglionic synapses in PAN and SAN
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tx for smokers
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wellbutrin
zyban |
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alcohol withdrawl tx
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librium
lorazepam clonidine disulfuram |
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makes you physiclly ill when you consume alcohol
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disulfaram
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wernicke's syndrome
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thiamine deficiecy causing brain damage in chronic alcholics
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tx of wernickes
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thiamine
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opioid do what to eye
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miosis
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cocaine
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blocks dopamine and Epi uptake in reward center in brain
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cocaine tx
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buprenorphine
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