Pharm 4 - Chemical Transmission

Front 1

describe the key steps in chemical synaptic transmission (5 key steps in life cycle of a NT)

Back 1

synthesis
storage
release
receptor interaction
disposition

Front 2

atropine affects ACh at what receptors?

Back 2

muscarinic

Front 3

curare affects ACh at what receptors?

Back 3

nicotinic

Front 4

what are the 4 criteria for NT identification?

Back 4

presence from the presyn terminal
release in reesponse to presyn depol (Ca dep)
identity of action
removal - must be a mech for elimination

Front 5

Acetylcholine is the NT at?

Back 5

neuromuscular junction (somatic motor neuron and skeletal muscle)
all autonomic ganglia (both sympathetic and parasympathetic)
all parasympathetic postganlionic neuoreffector junctions
select sympathetic postganglionic neuroeffector junctions (sweat glands)
between sympathetic preganglionic neurons and adrenal chromaffin cells
certain central nervous system synapses

Front 6

NE is the NT at?

Back 6

neurotransmitter at postganglionic sympathetic neuroeffector junctions
neurotransmitter at certain central nervous system synapses

Front 7

Epi is released at?

Back 7

as a hormone from adrenal chromaffin cells
as neurotransmitter at certain central nervous system synapses

Front 8

dopamine (DA) is the NT at?

Back 8

at postganglionic sympathetic neuroeffector junctions in the kidney
at certain central nervous system synapses

Front 9

Evidence that chemical transmission at some neuroeffector synapses does not involve either norepinephrine or acetylcholine.
In this the candidates are not always known, these are particularly important especially in the? This is called?

Back 9

Especially in the GUT

called nonadrenergic noncholinergic (NANC) transmission

Front 10

most neurons actualy release multiple substances that can act as modulations like ATP, VIP, NPY, LHRH, 5-HT, NO, GABA, substance P, DA, these are called?

Back 10

Cotransmitters

Front 11

ACh is synthesized from Acetyl CoA and choline by the enzyme ____________in the cytosol of the presynaptic nerve terminal

Back 11

acetyltransferase

Front 12

ACh is transported into vesicles by the ___________ (VAT)

Back 12

vesicle-associated transporter

Front 13

ACh can be broken down by ____________ into choline and acetate

Back 13

acetylcholinesterase AChE

Front 14

Choline can then be recycled by transport back into the presynaptic nerve terminal by the _______________

Back 14

Na+-dependent choline transporter (CHT)

Front 15

inhibits the high affinity choline transporter (inhibits synthesis)

Back 15

hemicolinium

Front 16

inhibits ACh storage - inhibits the vesicular ACh transporter (VAT)

Back 16

vesamicol

Front 17

blocks exocytosis by modifying docing proteins and preventing synaptic vesicle fusion w/ the presynaptic nerve terminal (prevents release of ACh)

Back 17

botulinum toxin

Front 18

Cholinergic receptor agonist for nicotinic and muscarinic receptors

Back 18

ACh

Front 19

cholinergic receptor agonist for nicotin receptors

Back 19

nicotine

Front 20

cholinergic receptor agonist for muscarinic receptors

Back 20

bethanacol

Front 21

Nn (neuronal nicotinic receptor) antagonist or ganglion blocker - reduces BP b/c constriction is dominant tone in BV

Back 21

trimethaphan

Front 22

antagnonist of muscle nicotinic receptors (Nm)

Back 22

d-tubocurarine

Front 23

muscarinic receptor antagonist

Back 23

atropine

Front 24

inhibits disposition of ACh by inhibiting AChE (Myasthenia gravis)

Back 24

neostigmine

Front 25

draw the pathway for catecholamine synthesis

Back 25

L-tyrosine -[tyrosine hydroxylase]-> Dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) -[dopamine decarboxylase]-> dopamine -[dopamine B-hydroxylase]-> NE -[phenylethanolamine N-mehthyl transferase]-> Epi

Front 26

inhibits the rate limiting step of adreneric NT synthesis

Back 26

alpha methyltyrosine

Front 27

inhibits the vesicular monamine transporter (VMAT) affecting storage

Back 27

reserpine

Front 28

inhibits the nerve action poential preventing Ca influx in adreneric system

Back 28

bretylium

Front 29

this is taken up into nerves by the NET. It then gets concetnrated in the synaptic vesicles, displacing endogenous sympathetic NTs effecting release of adrenergic NTs

Back 29

guanethadine

Front 30

inhibits catecholamine release by activign alpha 2 receptors on the presynaptic nerve terminal

Back 30

clonidine

Front 31

what are the two mechanisms of disposition of catecholamines?

Back 31

catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT)
Monoamine Oxidase (MAO)

Front 32

what cmpd inhibits COMT

Back 32

entacapone

Front 33

what cmpd inhibits MAO (used as one of the first antidepressants)

Back 33

pargyline
phenelzine

Front 34

what cmpd inhibits neuronal reuptake of catacholamines?

Back 34

cocaine

Front 35

A1 and A2 receptor agaonist

Back 35

oxymetazoline

Front 36

A1 receptor agonist

Back 36

phenylephrine

Front 37

A2 receptor agonist

Back 37

clonidine

Front 38

B1 and B2 receptor agonist

Back 38

isoprterenol

Front 39

B1 receptor agonist

Back 39

dobutamine

Front 40

B2 receptor agonist

Back 40

terbutaline

Front 41

A1 and A2 receptor antagonist

Back 41

phentolamine

Front 42

A1 receptor antagonist

Back 42

prazosin

Front 43

A2 receptor antagonsit

Back 43

yohimbine

Front 44

B1 and B2 receptor antagonist

Back 44

propranolol

Front 45

B1 receptor antagonist

Back 45

metoprolol