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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what are the non-depolarizing neuromuscular blockers (NMBs)?
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tubocurarine, atracurium (Triacrium), rocuronium (Zemuron), pancuronium (Pavulon), pipecuronium (Arduan), vecuronium (Nocuronium), mivacurium (Mivacron)
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what is the only depolarizing NMB?
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succinylcholine
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which class of NMBs possesses longer onset and duration of action?
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non-depolarizing NMBs
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which class or NMBs possesses very RAPID onset and short duration?
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depolarizing NMB
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what is the mechanism of action of succinylcholine?
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depolarizing blocker binds to same site as Ach on the nAChR but activates the receptor initially
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what is the mechanism of action of the non-depolarizing NMBs?
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produce surmountable blockade of nicotinic acetylcholinergic receptor and compete with acetylcholine for the same binding site
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what depolarizing NMB is metabolized by plasma cholinesterase?
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succinylcholine
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what non-depolarizing agent is also metabolized by plasma cholinesterase?
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mivacurium (Mivacron)
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which patients are resistant to non-depolarizing NMBs?
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burns and UMN injury
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TQ - what are the side effects of succinylcholine?
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HYPERKALEMIA, increased intraocular and intragastric pressure, myalgia
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what category of drugs acts by central mechanisms?
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spasmolytics
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what class of drugs facilitates action of presynaptic inhibition by GABA via GABAa receptor?
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benzodiazepines
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which drug provides muscular relaxation and spasmolytic effects even if the spinal cord is transected?
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diazepam (Valium)
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TQ - what drug is a GABAb agonist and increased K+ conductance promotes hyperpolarization?
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baclofen (Lioresal)
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TQ - what are the two cholinesterase inhibitors that can reverse neuromuscular blockade?
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neostigmine and pyridostigmine
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which spasmolytic drug is a GABAa and GABAb agonist with active metabolites?
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progabide
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what drug exerts spasmolytic effects by inhibition of excitatory glutaminergic pathways?
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riluzole (Rilutek)
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TQ - what do inhaled anesthetics do to general anesthesia?
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augment neuromuscular blockade
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TQ - which drug has no central mechanism but instead works at sarcoplasmic reticulum of skeletal muscle?
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dantrolene
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which drug can treat muscle spasms and is used for cosmetic purposes?
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Botox
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TQ - which drug is a congener of clonidine with alpha 2 agonist effects that reduces muscle spasms while reducing pain neurotransmission?
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tizanidine (Zanaflex)
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TQ - what happens when you give NMBs to patients with myasthenia gravis?
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you increase the responsiveness to neuromuscular blockade
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TQ - which drug acts at brain stem and possibly spinal cord with antimuscarinic effects (similar to TCAs)?
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cyclobenzaprine (Flexeril)
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TQ - which drug treats back spasms associated with lower back injury or strain?
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Soma
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TQ - which drug interferes with excitation-contraction coupling by reducing release of calcium and reduces muscle contractions?
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dantrolene
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what is the time frame in which dantrolene must be given in order to treat Malignant Hyperthermia?
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30 mins
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