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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what should always be performed prior to injection |
saline flush with IV |
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why is it important to avoid prolonged admixture of blood and contrast in syringes and catheter tubing |
due to risk of clots forming |
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what CAN be combined with contrast |
heparin (blood thinner) |
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what should you do if pt reports pain or the sensation of swelling at injection site |
stop injections |
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how can IV contrast be injected |
through a butterfly needle,, plastic catheter, or indwelling catheter |
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what should you do if using an IV that is being used to infuse anything other than normal saline |
clap line, flush with saline, inject contrast, reflush line, open clamp |
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where is the typical site of access for IVU |
antecubital |
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antecubital |
large and easy accessible vein |
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what should be avoided if IV access is to remain after procedure |
antecubital and needle |
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when would the injection rate need to be slower due to size of veins being smaller |
if a more peripheral venipuncture site is used |
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what could inadvertent injection of large amounts of air into the venous system result in |
air hunger, dyspnea, cough, chest pain, pulmonary edema, tachycardia, hypotension, expiratory wheezing |
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treatment of venous air embolism |
1 admin of 100% O2 2 placing pt in left lateral decub 3 hyperbaric O2 recommended to reduce size of air bubbles and help restore circulation 4 if cardio-pulmonary arrest occurs, CPR, call ode |
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when is the volume extraversion more likely to be much greater and more significant |
with a power injector |
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what is the increased risk of power injector due to |
not being able to monitor the entire injection |
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what is the acute tissue injury resulting from extraversion possibly related to |
hyperosmolality of extravasation fluid |
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whats the most commonly reported severe injuries after extraversion of LOCM |
compartmental syndrome |
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compartmental syndrome |
result of mechanical compression; more likely to occur after extraversion of larger volumes |
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what do cold compresses do |
relieve pain at injection site |
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what do warm compresses do |
improving absorption of the extraversion as well as improving blood flow |
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when should a surgical consultation prior to discharge be obtained |
when there is concern for a severe extravastion |
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what pt's are at an increased risk for extravasions |
severely ill or debilitated pt's, pt's with abnormal circulation in the limb of injection |
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if pt has a mastectomy which arm should be used |
unaffected arm |
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the frequency of allergic-like and physiologic adverse reactions have ________ with changes in usage from ________ to _______ |
decreased; HOCM, LOCM |
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nearly all life-threatening contrast reactions occur within _______ after injection |
1st 20 min |
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classifications of acute adverse reactions |
1 allergic-like 2 physiological |
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allergic-like reactions |
classified as anaphylactoid, idiosyncratic; treatment same as allergic reaction; independent of dose and concentration above threshold |
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physiologic reactions |
frequently dose and concentration dependent; cardiovascular effects are more frequent and significant in pt's with CHF; renal injury, thyroid effect |
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vasovagal (physiological) |
common, characterized by hypotension w brachycardia; anxiety related |
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acute adverse events occurred in ____ to ____ of all pt's who received HOCM |
5%-15% |
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LOCM overall acute adverse reaction rate is |
less than 1% |
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serious acute reactions to LOCM IV are rare and with a rate of |
approx 0.4% |
