Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
51 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Thiazide Diuretics (-thiazide)
|
Inhibit NaCl transport in DCT
HTN, mild heart failure -Hypokalemia -Promotes Ca reabsorption -Reduce PVR |
|
|
Indapamide (Lozol)
|
Thiazide-like Diuretic
Indoline Useful in renal failure, not likely to accumulate |
|
|
Metolazone (Mykrox, Zaroxolyn)
|
Thiazide-like Diuretic
Potent Produce diuresis in patients with impaired renal function |
|
|
Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors
|
Action in PCT, causes loss of HCO3
Edema, glaucoma, familial hypokalemic periodic paralysis Causes hyperchloremic acidosis, paresthesias |
|
|
Acetazolamide (Diamox)
|
CA Inhibitor diuretic
-Glaucoma, Epilepsy -Acute mountain sickness |
|
|
Dorzolamide (Trusopt)
|
CA Inhibitor diuretic
-Glaucoma -Topical, used when acetazolamide has poor penetration |
|
|
Methazolamide (Neptazane, Glauctabs)
|
CA inhibitor diuretic
-Glaucoma -Reduces aqueous humor production |
|
|
Dichlorphanamide (Daranide)
|
CA Anhydrase Inhibitor
|
|
|
Loop Diuretics (High Ceiling)
|
Inhibit NaK2Cl symport in thick ascending limb
Highest efficacy, short acting -Promotes Ca excretion -Used in CHF, hypercalcemia, HTN, Edemas AE: Ototoxicity, increase LDL, rashes, hypokalemia Interactions: Aminoglycosides (-mycins, ototoxicity) |
|
|
Bumetanide (Bumex)
|
Loop diuretic
40 times more potent than furosemide |
|
|
Furosemide (Lasix)
|
Loop diuretic
|
|
|
Ethacrynic Acid (Edecrin)
|
Loop diuretic
Major side effects, but safe with sulfa allergy |
|
|
Torsemide (Demadex)
|
Loop diuretic
24 hours dosage interval No paradoxical antidiuresis (furosemide) |
|
|
Amiloride (Midamor)
|
K-sparing diuretic
BLocks Na channel in DCT and Colleting Duct leading to decreased Na-K exchange Side effects: Leg cramps, hyperkalemia Works with Addison's disease |
|
|
Triamterene (Dyrenium, Maxzide)
|
K-sparing diuretic
BLocks Na channel in DCT and Colleting Duct leading to decreased Na-K exchange Side effects: Leg cramps, hyperkalemia Works with Addison's disease |
|
|
Spironolactone (Aldactone)
|
Antagonize aldosterone at DCT and CD
Inhibit K and H+ secretion too Does not work in Addison's patients Used with hyperaldosteronism, hypersecretion (Conn's syndrome) Used with severe heart failure SE- Has some sex steroid activity, gynecomastia, CNS effects, hyperkalemia |
|
|
Eplerenone (Inspra)
|
K-sparing diuretic
Selective aldosterone receptor aantagonist Only used for HTN Doesn't have endocrine side effects (vs Spirono) SE- Hyperkalemia |
|
|
Mannitol
|
Osmotic diuretic, must be given IV
Freely filtered, not reabsorbed Draw H20 in Loop of Henle Treat increased intercranial pressure, glaucoma, and acute renal failure (maintain urine flow) AE: blurred vision, nausea, electrolyte imbalance |
|
|
Nicotinic Acid
|
Decrease total Chol., LDL, VLDL, TG, increases HDL
Mech- Decrases hepatic VLDL synth, inhibits lipolysis AE: Dilation of cutaneous blood flow (Niacin-flush, related to histamine/prostacyclin also itchyness -> give aspirin), EtOH exacerbates -Rhabdomyolysis (w/ statins) |
|
|
Bile Acid Sequestering Resin
|
Mech: Cholesterol shunted to bile acid conversion (cholesterol 7-alpha hydroxylase)
Use: High chol. with high TG. Only class NOT CI in pregnancy CI: Biliary and GI obstructions AE: Contipation, hyperchloremic acidosis |
|
|
Cholestyramine
|
Bile Acid Sequestering Resin
Chloride Salt in powder form |
|
|
Colestipol
|
Bile Acid Sequestering Resin
Chloride Salt in powder form |
|
|
Colesevelam
|
Bile Acid Sequestering Resin
Oral hydrogel polymer Least effect on drug bioavailability |
|
|
HMG CoA Reductase Inhibitors
|
Competitive inhibitors, inhibit rate limiting step of cholesterol synthesis in liver -> Chol uptake and clearance augmented
Use: Hypercholesterolemia, hyperlipoproteinemia, MI and Stroke prophylaxis AE: Rhabdomyolysis, Renal dysfunction (monitor SGOT and SGPT first year), myopathies Absolute CI in pregancy and breast feeding |
|
|
-Statins
|
HMG CoA Reductase Inhibitors
|
|
|
Fibric Acid Derivatives
|
Reduce TG, VLDL, LDL, Chol
Inhibit apolipoproteins involved in VLDL |
|
|
Gemfibrozil (Lopid)
|
Fibrix Acid Derivative
Inhibits apolipoprotein B Inhibits peripheral lipolysis and hepatic TG production |
|
|
Clofibrate (Atromid-S)
|
Fibric Acid Derivative
Does not reduce CV events, increase mortality Seldom Used |
|
|
Fenofibrate (Tricor, Lofibra)
|
Fibric Acid Derivative
Activates peroxisome proliferator actived receptors (PPARs) which alter transcription of genes related to lipoprotein metabolism Decreases production of apolipoprotein CIII Well tolerated, rare GI upset and skin rash |
|
|
Ezetimibe (Zetia)
|
Choelsterol Absorption Inhibitor
Selectively blocks intestinal absorption of cholesterol and increases HDL Synergism with HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors |
|
|
Heparin
|
Activates antithrombin III
Does not cross membranes (parental, safe in pregnancy) Prolongs PTT Antagonized by Protamine sulfate AE: Heparin induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) |
|
|
Lepiruden (Refludan)
|
Anticoagulant used in patients with HIT
|
|
|
Argatroban (Acova)
|
Anticoagulant used in patients with HIT, can but used in pt's with renal failure
|
|
|
Bivalrudin (Angiomax)
|
Anticoagulant used in patients with HIT
|
|
|
Ancrod (Viprinex)
|
Anticoagulant used in patients with HIT
|
|
|
Dabigatran (Pradaxa)
|
Low MW-Heparin
Inhibits Factor II (thrombin), less effect on ATIII, less anticoagulant effect than Heparin, but more predictable. CANNOT BE REVERSED Uses: Venous thromboembolism, stroke prophylaxis in A-Fib patients Oral |
|
|
Riveroxaban
|
Low MW-Heparin
Inhibits Factor X, less effect on ATIII, less anticoagulant effect than Heparin, but more predictable Uses: Venous thromboembolism, stroke prophylaxis in A-Fib patients Oral Also: Ipixaban |
|
|
Low Molecular Weight Heparins
|
Enoxaparin, Dateparin, Danaproid, Tinzaparin, Fondaparinux, Antithrombin III, Pentosan (interstituial cystitis)
Inhibits Factor X, less effect on ATIII, less anticoagulant effect than Heparin, but more predictable |
|
|
Warfarin (Coumadin)
|
Competative antagonist of Vit. K (inhibits factor 2,7,9,10 synthesis)
Tested with PT (INR) Reversed with Vit K (slowly) or fresh frozen plasma (fast) Long term treatment of thromboembolic disease CI in pregnancy |
|
|
Aspirin
|
Anti-platelet
Irreversible COX inhibitor AE: Cinchronism, Reye's Syndrome |
|
|
Triclopidine (Ticlid)
|
Anti-platelet
Blocks aggregation by inhibiting ADP pathway Stroke prophylaxis AE: Leukopenia |
|
|
Dipyridamole (Persantine)
|
Anti-platelet
Inhibits cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (raising cAMP) Prophylaxis for angina |
|
|
Abciximab (Reopro)
|
Anti-platlet
Chimeric MaB against platelet IIb/IIIa receptors preventing fibrin binding Used in patients undergoing angioplasty and atherectomy |
|
|
Eptifibatide (Integrillin)
|
Anti-platelet
Block platelet IIb/IIIa receptors (same is Abciximab) No immune response problems |
|
|
Tirofiban (Aggrastat)
|
Anti-platelet
Block platelet IIb/IIIa receptors (same is Abciximab) No immune response problems |
|
|
Clopidogrel (Plavix)
|
Anti-platlet
Blocks platelet ADP binding (ticlopidine analog) Inhibits CYP phase I reactions (drug interactions) Does not cause neutropenia |
|
|
Prasugrel (Effient)
|
Anti-platelet
Clopidogrel analog better used for reduction of thrombotic CV events Greater bleeding risk than Clopidogrel |
|
|
Ticagrelor (Brilinta)
|
Anti-platelet
Clopidogrel analog (ADP binding blocker) Used in acute coronary syndrome |
|
|
Cilostazol (Pletal)
|
Anti-platelet
Reverisbily inhibit phosphodiesterates III activity |
|
|
t-PA (Alteplase, Reteplase, Activase)
|
Fibrinolytic agent
Serine protease converts clot-bound plasminogen to plasmin, lysing thrombi Very expensive |
|
|
Streptokinase (Kabikinase, Streptase)
|
Fibrinolytic agent
Not an enzyme - activates plasminogen by binding and increasing protease activity Used in acute pulmonary embolism Anistreplase (APSAC, Eminase): Streptokinase + recombinant plasminogen |
