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98 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Antiinfectives are____________
Meaning they kill the actively growing bacteria. |
Bactericidal
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These kill organsims on inanimate objects
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Disinfectant- Germicide
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These INHIBIT the growth of microorganisms.
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Antiseptic
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Signs of anaphylactic shock from antiinfective agents
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Edema of face & extremities
Drop in BP Wheezy Resp. Dyspnea Bronchospasms, which could lead to resp arrest & death |
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Side effects of anti-infectives
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N/V
Diarrhea Fever |
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This is an over growth of non-susceptible organisms such as monilia
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Super Infection
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An important intervention when administering sulfonamides
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Force fluids and monitor I&O
Sulfas tend to crystallize in the urine and deposit in the kidneys. |
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The four classes of Penicillins are
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Natural penicillins
Penicillinase Aminopenicillins Extended Spectrum Penicillins |
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Patients that have a sensitivity to ______ should always be considered but in some cases allergies to this may be able to take altered forms
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PCN Penicillin
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Patients that are allergic to PCN could also have an allergy to these
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Cephalosporins
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Drug interactions with PCN's
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NSAIDS: cause more free PCN
ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES: reduce effectiveness |
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Cephalosporins are divided into ______ groups based their spectrum of activity
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Four
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1st generation cephalosporins have greatest activity against
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Gram (+)
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2nd generation cephalosporins have enhanced activity against
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Gram (-)
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These are the most potent group of cephalosporins; has the greatist action against gram (-)
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3rd generation cephalosporins
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These cephalosporins have more activity against gram (+) but still maintain good gram (-) coverage
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4th generation cephalosporins
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Drug interactions with cephalosporins
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Alcohol
Warfarin NSAIDS |
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These are the drug of choice for Legionnaire's disease
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Macrolids
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These are the oldest of the macrolids; with more GI side effects than the newer ones
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erythromycin (EES, E-Mycin, Erythrocin)
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Broader spectrum of macrolid full dose is only 5 days
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azithromycin (Zithromax)
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Do not take if preg.
Dont take with milk, milk prod., or antacids decrease effectiveness, cause photosensitivity, & black hairy tongue |
Tetracyclines
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_____________are broad spectrum antibiotics they are bacteriostatic, well absorbed PO & drug of choice for Rocky Mtn Spotted fever & Lyme's Disease
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Tetracyclines
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Two serious side effects that may occur with aminoglycosides
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Ototoxicity: Manifested by dizziness, tinnitus, hearing loss & deafness
Nephrotoxicity: Protein & blood in urine. elevated BUN & Creatinine |
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Used primarily against gram (-) infections that are life threatening
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Aminoglycosides
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Avoid combining these with diuretics. Not to be given longer than 10 days.
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Aminoglycosides
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Broad spectrum selected gram (+) coverage with wide range against gram (-) bactericidal
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fluoroquinolones (could be called Quinolones)
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ciprofloxacin (Cipro)
levofloxacin (Levaquin) |
is a fluoroquinolone/Quinolone
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A drug used for complicated skin infections caused by MRSA and VRE
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linezolid (Zyvox)
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May be combined with other antibiotics like cephalosporins, PCN's, Vancomycin to tx infections because of syngergistic effect.
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Aminoglycosides
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used to tx bacterial resistant organisms like staph aureus (MRSA)
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vancomycin(Vancocin)
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These are only effective while the virus is replicating
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Antivirals
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Doesn't have as long a half life as some of the other antivirals so more freq dosing is req. Used cautiously in pts with heart failure
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amatadine HCL (Symmetrel)
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Used for chicken pox, shingles, herpes, IV, or topical. Tell pt that it could cause transient burning.
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acyclovir (Zovirax)
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If Redman's syndrome occurs (decreased BP, flushing of neck & face), antihistamine may be ordered when taking this drug
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vancomycin(Vancocin)
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Used for infulenza A
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rimatadine (Flumadine)
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Treatment should begin within two days of flu symptoms
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oseltamivir (Tamiflu)
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Inhaler for influenza
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anamivir (Relenza)
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These drugs are used nonretroviral antiviral drugs meaning they are used to tx non HIV viral infections such as the flu, herpes, hepatitis A B C
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amatadine HCL (Symmetrel)
acyclovir (Zovairax) oseltamivir (Tamiflu) anamivir (Relenza) avalacycovir (Valtrex) |
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May cause bone marrow suppression so may need to switch to another antiviral
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zidovudine (Retrovir, AZT)
didanosine (Videx) |
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Delayed progression of AIDS and ARC (Aids related complex)
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Therapeutic effects of antivirals
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This bacillus thrives in organs having a good supply of O2
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Mycobacterium tuberculosis
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1st line drug for TB
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isoniazid HCL (INH) Most freq prescribed
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Pts on ______&_______ should watch for & report any numbness or tingling of extremities.
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INH & rifampin
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Pts need to avoid antacids while on this drug as they reduce serum levels
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isoniazid HCL (INH)
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The major side effect of this drug is causes body secretions to turn reddish orange, affects contact lenses, urine, stool, saliva & tears.
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rifampin (Rifadin)
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Oral contraceptives are inneffective while on this drug
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rifampin (Rifadin)
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This drug can cause a decrease in visual acuity resulting from optic neuritis
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ethambutol (Myambutal)
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Side effects of 1st line TB drugs
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Hepatic Impairment
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These two anti TB drugs could cause hepatic impairment
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INH and rifampin
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When assessing for antitubercular therapy you should look for sx of ?
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Hepatic impairment or High alcohol use.
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With anti TB drugs, drug therapy often lasts up to_______ months as long as compliance has been maintained
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24
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Therapeutic responses of anti TB drugs:
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Decrease in symptoms
Improved chest x-ray 3 negative sputum C&S |
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Infections caused by fungus are called
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mycosis
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These are microorganisms that consists of all yeasts & molds
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Fungi
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These agents are contraindicated in pts with renal & liver failure
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Antifungal agents
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These agents increase the action of anticoagulants, which results in an increased PT & INR
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Antifungal agents
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These antifungals have the most serious side effects; you may need to give anyway & just tx the side effects
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amphotericin B (Amphocin)
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This is a newer form of antifungal and has a higher dose
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amphotericin B lipid complex (Amphotec)
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This drug is taken orally for fungal pneumonia. Takes 2-6wks to see improvement
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griseofulvin (Fulvicin)
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If taking for infected nails, use until affected nail is replaces again may take 2-6wks to see improvement
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griseofulvin (Fulvicin)
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This drug is contraindicated in pts with lupus & hepatic disease
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griseofulvin (Fulvicin)
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This drug can cause increased effects of anticoagulants
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miconazole (Monistat)
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Do not take alkaline products or antacids for at least 2hrs before or after dosing.
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ketoconazole (Nizoral)
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Don't take with coffee or tea but take with food to minimize GI upset
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ketoconazole (Nizoral)
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Continue tx even after symptoms are relieved, until medication is completed
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vaginal antifungals
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Adverse effects of antifungal agents
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renal toxicity (wt gain of more than 2pds/wk)
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This antimalarial drug is also used to tx leg cramps
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quinine sulfate
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This antimalarial drug is freq given with tetracycline they have a synergistic protozoacidal effect
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quinine sulfate
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This drug is used prophylactically when going to a country with a high rate of malaria. Start this drug 2wks before & continue for 4wks after leaving
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chloroquine (Aralen)
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Prophylactic tx for traveling to countries with malaria
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mefloquine (Lariam)
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These infections occur from ingeston of contaminated food or water, mosquito or tick bite or from person to person
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Antiprotozal
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This is an antiprotozal that is also used for bacterial infections & is the drug of choice for C Diff
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metronidazole (Flagyl)
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These agents destroy worm infestations
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Anthelminitic
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These agents are very specific in action, identify the cause & type of infestation before starting tx.
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Anthelminitic
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This drug is used to tx tapeworms or roundworms
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mebendazole (Vermox)
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Side effects of anthelminitic agents
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Abdominal pain
Diarrhea Visual disturbances |
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These agents kill organisms (used on non living objects)
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Disinfectants
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These agents inhibit organsims
(applied to living tissue) |
Antiseptics
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These are applied with tongue blade, cotton tipped applicator or gloved fingers
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Antiseptics
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When using an iodine based agent such as povidone-iodine assess for allergy to__________ or________
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Iodine or seafood
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isopropanol (Isopropyl alcohol) _______% is most effective
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60-70%
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isopropanol (Isopropyl alcohol) _______% or more looses some of it's cidal activity
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60 or 95%
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Therapeutic response in topical antimicrobials is
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Improved healing of the area
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What are the two categories of anti-inflammatory agents
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Steriods
NSAIDS- non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (sometimes called prostaglandin inhibitors) |
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Anti-inflammatory agents have these four uses
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Relieve inflammation
Relieve fever (antipyretic) Relieve pain & headaches Antigout |
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Aspirin is considered this class of drug
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Salicylate
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This is the most widely used drug in the world; a side effect includes tinnitus
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acetylsalicylic acid (Aspirin)
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Do not take this with aspirin, negates the ASA
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ibuprofen (Motrin, Advil)
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This drug is used alot for post-op pain
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ketorolac (Toradol)
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This is the 1st NSAID ever used
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acetylsalicylic acid Aspirin
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Common side effects of NSAIDS
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GI distress
Bleeding Renal impairment |
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Possible interactions with anticoagulants
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Anything that places the pt at risk for bleeding
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Long term use of NSAIDS may need to add __________ which is a prostaglandin analogue that inhibits gastric acids
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misprostol (Cytotec)
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These drugs inhibit the active reabsorption of uric acid. They produce a reduced serum urate level
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Anti gout agents
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Monitor uric acid levels with this drug
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allopurinol (Ziloprim)
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With this anti gout, increase fluid intake up to 3-4 Liters in 24 hours can cause renal effects
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colchicine
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Disease modifying antirheumatic drugs. Active ingredient in these drugs is gold
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Antiarthritic agents
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This injectable form needs to be given deep IM, rotate sites, lie down & remain down for at least 10 min causes photosensitivity
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gold sodium thiomalate (Aurolate) injection
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