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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What type of drug is bethanecol
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Direct muscarinic agonist
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What direct muscarinic agonists are used to treat glaucoma
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Carbachol and pilocarpine
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What does bethanecol mainly do
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activates bowel and bladder smooth muscle
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Are bethanecol, carbachol, and pilocarpine resistant or sensitive to AChE
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resistant
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How do anticholinesterases work
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carbamylation of aceytylcholinesterase
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Which anti-AChE work to treat myastenia gravis
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Neostigmine and Pyridostigmine
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Which anti-AChE is used to diagnose myastenia gravis and why
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Edrophonium, b/c it is extremely short acting
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Which anti-achE are used to treat glaucoma
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physostigmine and echothiophate
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What else is physostigmine used for
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atropine overdose
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What are symptoms of Anti-ACh overdose
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Diarrha, urination, miosis, bronchospasm, bradycardia, excitation of skeletal muscle and CNS, lacrimation, sweating, salivation
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What is the antidote to Anti-ACh overdose
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Atropine (muscarinic antagonist) + pralidxime (chemical antagonist used to regenerate active cholinesterase)
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Regarding the following cholinorecptor blockers, when are they used
Benstropine |
Parkinson's disease
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Ipratropium
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Ashma, COPD
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Scoplamine
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Motion sickness
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Methscopolamine
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Reduce urgency in cystitis adn reduce bladder spasms
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Atropine
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Produce mydriasis (pupil dilation) and cycloplegia (paralysis of ciliary muscle)
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What does atropine do to the following systems
Eye |
Inc pupil dilation, cycloplegia
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Airway
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dec secretions
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stomach
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dec acid secretion
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gut
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dec motility
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bladder
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dec urgency in cystitis
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what are inc temp, rapid pulse, dry mouth, dry skin, constipation and disorientation symptoms of
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Atropine toxicity
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What other drugs have anticholinergic effects
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TCAs
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What kind of drugs are phenoxybenzamine and phentolamine
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alpha blockers
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what is the differece b/w them
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phenozybenzamine is irreversibe whaile phentolamine is reversible
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what condition are they used for
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pheochromocytoma
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What are 3 alpha 1 selective blockers
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prazosin, tarazosin, doxazosin
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what are they used for
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hypertension adn urinary retention in BPH
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What are the toxicity (especially with first dose)
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orthostatic hypotension, dizziness, headache
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What is mirtazapine
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alpha 2 selective blocker
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what is it used for
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depression
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What do the Beta blockers do for the following conditions
Hypertension |
dec CO, dec renin
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Angina pectoralis
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dec HR adn contractility, leading to dec O2 consumption
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MI
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Beta blockers decrease mortality
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Glaucoma
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dec secretion of aqueous humor
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What are the Beta 1 selective blockers
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Acebutolol, betaxolol, esmolol, atenolol, metoprolol
(A BEAM of B1 blockers) |
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In terms of glaucoma drugs, how do the following drugs work
epinephrine (alpha agonist) |
inc outflow of aqeuous humor
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Brimonidine (alpha agonist)
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dec aqueous humor synthesis
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Beta blockers
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dec aqueous humor secretion
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acetazolamide (diuretic)
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dec aqueous humor secretion due to dec HCO3 (cargonic anhydrase inhibitor)
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cholinomimetics
pilocarpine, carbachol, physostigmine, echothiophate |
inc outflow of aqueous humor; contract ciliary muscle and open trabecular meshwork
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prostaglandin
Latanoprost |
inc outflow of aqeuous humor
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Which glaucoma drugs have the following side effect
miosis, cyclospasm |
cholinomimetics
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mydriasis
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epinephrine, stinging, do not use in closed angle glaucoma
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darkens color of iris
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Latanoprost
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