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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Lovastatin (Mevacor)
Simvastatin (Zocor) Pravastatin (Pravacol) Fluvastatin (Lescol) Atorvastatin (Lipitor) Rosuvastatin (Crestor) |
Statins - inhibition of cholesterol biosynthesis via competitive inhibition of 3-hydroxy-3methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase.
Causes upregulation of LDL receptor and increased LDL endocytosis and decreased LDL-C levels Lower LDL-C levels Oral administration 2. improved endothelial cell function 3. Improved plaque stability 4. Potential utility in CA tx Lovastatin & Simvastatin--Lactone ring requires liver activation Pravastatin & Rosuvastatin--Side group that mimics HMG-CoA substrate SEs: Generally very well tolerated Myopathy usually with other lipid lowering drugs Rhabdo - rare but serious |
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Bile Acid-binding resins
(cholestyramine or colestipol) |
Insoluble gel-like substance than binds to bile acids in GIT and excretes them
Uses: Lower Cholesterol levels |
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Niacin (VitB3)
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Binds G protein coupled rec in adipose decreasing release of FFA which decreases VLDL, LDL and trigs
Increases Apolipoprotein 1A Uses: Lowers LDL-C Raises HDL-C Lowers trigs SEs: Extreme flushing and itching |
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Gemfibrozil (Lopid)
Ciprofibrate (Modalim) Fenofibrate (Tricor) |
Fibrates
Activates PPAR∝ - lowers liver release of VLDL by unknown mech Uses: 1. Lowers trigs 2. raises HDL 3. Modest decrease of LDL SEs: Increases risk of myopathy and rhabdo with statins |
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Soluble or regular insulin
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Monomeric insulin
Uses: DM Rapid absorption SE: Hypoglycemia |
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NPH insulin
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mixed with protamine to slow absorption
Intermediate acting Uses: DM SE: Hypoglycemia |
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Lente insulin
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amorphous insulin zinc suspension
Slow absorption Uses: DM SE: Hypoglycemia |
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Ultralente insulin
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Insulin zinc suspension
very slow absorption Uses: DM SE: Hypoglycemia |
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Lispro/Aspart insulin
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mutations introduced into human insulin B chain diminish insulin self association
Most soluble, most rapid acting Uses: DM SE: Hypoglycemia |
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Glargine insulin
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LANTUS - injecting insulin precipitates at injection site
peakless insulin Uses: DM SE: Hypoglycemia |
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Tolbutamide
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Sulfonureas
Stimulation of insulin release from the pancreas - bind ATP sensitive K channel reducing conductance, beta cell depolarizes -> insulin secretion Uses: T2DM - increase insulin release Oral administration t1/2 4-7 hrs |
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chlopropamide
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Sulfonureas
Stimulation of insulin release from the pancreas - bind ATP sensitive K channel reducing conductance, beta cell depolarizes -> insulin secretion Uses: T2DM - increase insulin release Oral administration t1/2 24-48 hrs |
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Glyburide
Glipizide |
Sulfonureas
Stimulation of insulin release from the pancreas - bind ATP sensitive K channel reducing conductance, beta cell depolarizes -> insulin secretion Uses: T2DM - increase insulin release Oral administration Second generation, much more potent Short t1/2 |
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Repaglinide
nateglinide |
Glitinides - induce insulin secretion via closure of ATP sensitive K channel
Uses: T2DM - PO New drug |
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Metformin (Glucophage)
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Activates ATP kinase - major cell sensor of energy levels - sensitive to ATP/AMP levels, activated by high amp.
Uses: 1. Reduced glucose output from livers 2. Enhanced insulin action on peripheral tissues SEs: GI distress Lactic acidosis |
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Rosiglitazone (Avandia)
Pioglitazone (Actos) |
Thiazolidinediones - agonists of PPARgamma - reduces insulin resistance
Uses: 1. Potentiates insulin action on peripheral tissues CV risk - increased risk of MI Potential hepatotoxicity |
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Incretins
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GLP-1 acts on insulin B cell for increased release
Uses: T2DM Little chance of hypoglycemia |
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Exenatide (Byetta)
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Uses: T2DM
SubQ |
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Sitagliptin
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DPP-4 inhibitors - increases t1/2 of endogenous GLP 1
Uses: T2DM Oral admin |
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Levothyroxine (Levothyroid, synthroid)
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Synthetic T4
Uses: Thyroid hormone replacement therapy Cheaper SEs: OD - hyperthyroidal symptomology |
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Liothyronine
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Synthetic T3
Uses: Thyroid hormone replacement therapy Requires multiple doses per day SEs: OD - hyperthyroidal symptomology |
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Methymazole
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Decrease synthesis of thyroid hormones through inhibition of tyrosyl iodination
Common - once daily dose |
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Propylthiouracil
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Decrease synthesis of thyroid hormones through inhibition of tyrosyl iodination
inhibits peripheral de-iodination of T4 so used sometimes to tx thyroid storm |
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Propranolol
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Used during the prolonged period which follows initiation of thioureylene therapy.
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