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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Bromocriptine
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Dopamine Receptor Agonist
directly activates dopamine receptors in striatum Sometimes effective after L-DOPA wears off hypotension, nausea, dyskinesias |
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Pramipexole (D3)
Ropinirole (D2) |
Newer Dopamine Receptor Agonists
Longer duration of action almost as efficacious as L-DOPA Sleep disorders, nausea, hypotension, confusion, hallucination, dyskinesias Does not accelerate dz progression used as monotherapy or in combo with L-DOPA |
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Benztropine
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Muscarinic Receptor Antagonist
Effective against tremor dry mouth, inc. HR, glaucoma, constipation, confusion, urinary retention Counteracts excess acetylcholine in striatum |
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Amantadine
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Antiviral
Increases dopamine release tolerance within weeks mild side-effects |
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Selegiline
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MAO-B Blocker
blocks dopamine metabolism in striatum Serotonin Syndrome - hyperthermia, hypertension - do not use with Meperidine of TCAs |
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Entacapone
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COMT inhibitor
Inhibits conversion of L-DOPA to 3-O-methyldopa in periphery &uarr t1/2 of L-DOPA &darr accumulation of 3-O-methyldopa diarrhea, orthostatic hypotension short duration |
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Chlorpromazine
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Phenothiazine
Typical Antipsychotic Drug Autonomic side effects due to high muscarinic receptor blocking activity Less EPS Highly sedative |
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Haloperidol
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Butyrophenone
Typical Anti-psychotic Drug Potent Dopamine D2 receptor antagonist with fewer autonomic side effects Severe EPS and hyperprolactinemia |
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Clozapine
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Atypical Antipsychotic Drug
&darr tendency to cause EPS better compliance most efficacious among antipsychotics, even effective against negative symptoms Agranulocytosis Oral Candidiasis Only used for patients resistant to typical antipsychotics Strict blood monitoring is mandatory |
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Olanzapine
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Atypical Antipsychotic Drug
Along with Risperidone, regarded as 2nd most effective antipsychotic drug (after Clozapine) Strong H1 receptor antagonist Sedation, metabolic syndrome (weight gain, hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia |
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Risperidone
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Atypical Anti-psychotic
Most potent D2 receptor blocker EPS and hyperprolactinemia at higher dose much less potent anti-muscarinic activity |
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Phenytoin
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Anti-convulsant
Blocks Na+ channels Acute - Nystagmus, Ataxia, Diplopia Long-term - Gingival Hyperplasia, Hirsutism |
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Carbamazepine
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Anti-convulsant
Blocks Na+ channels Diplopia, Ataxia, skin rash Used also for pain control |
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Phenobarbital
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Anti-convulsant
Enhances GABA neurotransmission Sedation |
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Benzodiazepines
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Anti-convulsants
Loarazepam Diazepam Status Epilepticus |
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Ethosuximide
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Anti-convulsant
Blocks Ca++ channels Absence Seizures (petit mal) Gastric Distress |
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Valproic Acid
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Anti-convulsant
Blocks Na+ and Ca++ channels Enhances GABA neurotransmission Absence and Tonic-clonic Seizures Hepatotoxicity |
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Amitriptyline
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TCA
Tertiary amine side chain inhibits both NE and 5-HT reuptake also used for neuropathic pain - facial arthromyalgia |
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Imipramine
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TCA
Tertiary amine side chain inhibits both NE and 5-HT reuptake also used for enuresis, ADHD |
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Desipramine
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TCA
Secondary amine side chain selective inhibitor of NE reuptake less sedating and less anti-cholinergic than tertiary amines can be used in ADHD |
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Nortriptyline
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TCA
Secondary amine side chain selective inhibitor of NE reuptake less sedating and less anti-cholinergic than tertiary amines |
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SSRIs
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Fluoxetine, Paroxetine, Sertraline
Specifically and potently inhibit reuptake of 5-HT 1st drug of choice in treating depression nausea and vomitting sexual dysfunction inhibit cytochrome P-450 enzymes in liver, alter plasma levels of concomitant meds |
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Mirtazapine
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Atypical Antidepressant
enhances NE and 5-HT neurotransmission by blocking presynaptic alpha-2 adrenergic receptors as well as presynaptic 5-HT receptors No nausea or sexual dysfunction |
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Venlafaxine
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Atypical Antidepressant
inhibits both NE and 5-HT reuptake No HAMS blockade "dual reuptake inhibitor" well tolerated |
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Burpropion
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Atypical Antidepressant
inhibits dopamine and NE reuptake no Sexual dysfunction Amphetamine-like structure: can act as a CNS stimulant: agitation, insomnia, seizures |
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Tranylcypromine
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Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitor (MAOI)
Antidepressant Inhibits MAO (responsible for catabolism of NE, dopamine, serotonin, tyramine) less effective more severe side effects Drug Interactions: MAOIs with SSRIs (central serotonin syndrome), MAOI with Tyramine (hypertensive crisis) |
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Lithium
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Txt of Bipolar Affective Disorder
Mood stabilizing agent best drug for long-term txt of mania Very low therapeutic index Drug Interactions: NSAIDs (&darr renal excretion of lithium leading to toxic plasma levels) |
