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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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ADH metabolic system is what order of kinetics? |
zero order (limited supply of coenzyme NAD)
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what induces CYP450 enzyme synthesis and MEOS activity? |
chronic etOH consumption (development of tolerance)
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the primary CYP enzyme of the MEOS system also does what?
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converts acetaminophen to hepatotoxic metabolite
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MOA of disulfiram?
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inhibits aldehyde dehydrogenase, leading to buildup of acetaldehyde (nausea, HA, flushing, hypotension)
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what drugs inhibit acetaldehyde dehydrogenase?
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disulfiram, metronidazole, cefmandole, cefotetan, cefoperazone, procarbazine, glipizide, glyburide
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what blood level of etOH is associated with gross drunkenness? |
120-160 mg/dL
>300 mg/dL |
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MOA of etOH?
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facilitates GABA at GABA-A receptors, inhibits glutamate activation of NMDA receptors, modifies activities of adenyl cyclase, PLC, and ion channels
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why are alcoholics more likely to freeze to death?
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alcohol relaxes smooth muscle and causes vasodilation with greater risk of marked hypothermia
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a chronic alcoholic may require a ______ dose of sedative-hypnotic drugs than the normal patient
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larger (cross tolerance)
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why are alcoholics more susceptible to nutritional deficiencies?
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irritation, inflammation, bleeding, and scarring of gut wall after chronic heavy etOH use may cause absorption defects
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most common neurologic abnormality in chronic alcoholics?
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peripheral neuropathy
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disorder characterized by ataxia, confusion, paralysis of extraocular muscles, associated with chronic etOH abuse?
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Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome (B1 deficiency)
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a chronic alcoholic with gynecomastia, testicular atrophy and salt retention probably also has what other problem?
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liver cirrhosis
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how do small amounts of etOH protect against CHD?
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raises serum levels of HDL
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treatment of etOH withdrawal?
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correct electrolyte imbalance, thiamine, diazepam/chlordiazepoxide
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when should lorazepam be given instead of diazepam/chlordiazepoxide for treatment of etOH withdrawal?
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if pt has liver dz
(short acting benzo has less complex metabolism) |
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psychotropic drugs used to treat alcoholism?
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naltrexone (opioid receptor antagonist), acamprosate (NMDA glutamate receptor antagonist), disulfiram
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consequences of methanol intoxication?
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blindness, GI distress, severe acidosis, SOB, loss of consciousness, coma
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tx of acute methanol or ethylene glycol ingestion?
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IV etOH, fomepizole (alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitor)
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consequences of ethylene glycol ingestion or exposure?
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severe acidosis, renal damage (metab'd to oxalic acid)
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