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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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common side effect of hypnotic agents
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sedation
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occurs when sedative hypnotics are used chronically or at high doses
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tolerance
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common type of drug interaction of sedative hypnotics with other depressant medication
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additive CNS depression
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major effect of benzodiazepines on sleep at high concentrations
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REM is decreased
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reason benzodiazepines are used cautiously in pregnancy
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ability to cross placenta
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main route of metabolism for benzodiazepines
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hepatic
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benzodiazepine that undergoes extrahepatic conjugation (which are useful in older or hepatically impaired individuals)
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lorazepam, oxazepam, temazepam
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MOA for benzodiazepines
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increase FREQUENCY of GABA-mediated chloride ion channel opening
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antidote to benzodiazepine OD (antagonist that reverses the CNS effects)
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flumazenil
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benzodiazepine with useful relaxant effects in skeletal muscle spasticity of central origin
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diazepam
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benzodiazepine that has efficacy against absence seizures and in anxiety states, such as agoraphobia
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clonazepam
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benzodiazepines that are most effective in treatment of panic disorder
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alprazolam and clonazepam
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benzodiazepine that is used for anesthesia
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midazolam
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DOC for status epilepticus
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diazepam
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longer acting benzodiazepines used in treatment of withdrawal states of alcohol and other drugs
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chlordiazepoxide and diazepam
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agents having active metabolites, long half-lives, a high incidence of adverse effects
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diazepam, flurazepam, chlordiazepoxide, and clorazepate
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barbituates may precipitate this hematologic condition
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acute intermittent porphyria
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barbituates decrease the effectiveness of other drugs via this pharmacokinetic property
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liver enzyme induction
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barbiturate MOA
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increase the DURATION of GABA-mediated chloride ion channels
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barbiturate used for induction of anesthesia
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thiopental
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site of action for zaleplon and zolpidem
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benzodiazepine receptor BZ1 (although are not considered benzos)
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good hypnotic activity with less CNS SE than most benzodiazepines
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zolpidem, zaleplon
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agent that is a partial agonist for the 5-HT1A receptor
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buspirone
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DOC for generalized anxiety disorder; NOT effective in acute anxiety
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buspirone
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