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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Occurs when sedative hypnotics are used chronically or at high doses
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Tolerance
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Benzodiazepines used to promote sleep
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Temazpam, trizolam, flurazepam
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Benzodiazepine used for anxiety
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Alprazolam (xanax)
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Non-benzodiazepine used as an anxiolytic
Agent that is a partial agonist for the 5-HT1A receptor |
Buspirone
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Non-benzodiazepine used for sleep
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Zolpidem
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Major effect of benzodiazepines on sleep at high doses
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REM is decreased
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Neurologic SE of benzodiazepines
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Anterograde amnesia
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Reason benzos are used cautiously in pregnancy
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Ability to cross the placenta
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Main route of metabolism for benzodiazepines
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Hepatic
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Benzodiazepine that undergo extrahepatic conjugation (which are useful in older or hepatically impaired)
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Lorazepam, oxazepam, and temazepam (outside the liver)
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MOA for benzodiazepines
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increase the FREQUENCY of GABAmediated chloride ion channel opening
FRENZOdiazepine |
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Antidote to benzodiazepine+Z drugs overdose (antagonist that reverses the CNS effects)
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Flumazenil
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Benzodiazepine with useful relaxant effects in skeletal muscle spasticity of central origin (seizures)
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Diazepam
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Benzodiazepines that are the most effective in the treatment of panic disorder
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Alprazolam and Clonazepam
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Benzodiazepine that is used for anesthesia
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Midazolam
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DOC for status epilepticus
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Diazepam
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Longer acting benzodiazepines used in the management of withdrawal states of alcohol and other drugs
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Chlordiazepoxide and Diazepam
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Agents having active metabolites, long half lives, and a high incidence of adverse effects
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Diazepam, Flurazepam, chlordiazepoxide, and clorazepate
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(Barbiturates/BZ) may precipitate porphyria
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Barbiturates
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Barbiturates decrease the effectiveness of many other drugs via this pharmacokinetics property
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Liver enzyme INDUCTION (metabolize other drugs faster)
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Barbiturates MOA
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Increase the DURATION of GABAmediated chloride ion channels
BarbiDURATE |
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Barbiturate used for the induction of anesthesia
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Thiopental
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Site of action for zaleplon and zolpidem
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Benzodiazepine receptor BZ1 (although do not have a benzodiazepine ring structure)
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Good hypnotic (sleepy) activity with less CNS SE than most benzodiazepines
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Zolpidem, zaleplon
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Drug of choice for generalized anxiety disorder, NOT effective in acute anxiety (acute think alpozolam)
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Buspirone
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