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117 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
  • 3rd side (hint)
vmax is directly proportional to
enzyme conc
as you decr Km, you _____ affinity
incr
as you incr y-intercept, you _____ vmax
decr
the further to the right the x intercept is, the _______ Km
greater
effect of inhibitors on vmax
comp inhib: unchanged
noncomp: decr
effect of inhibitors on Km
comp inhib: incr
noncomp: unchanged
clearance
rate of elimination of drug divided by plasma drug conc
half-life
0.7 x Vd divided by CL
in renal/liver dz, maintenance dose is ______ and loading dose is ________
decr, unchanged
freq of dosing is affected by
half life
zero-order
Cp decrease linearly with time. phenytoin, ethanol, aspirin
PEA
first order
constant fraction of drug
Cp decr exponentially with time
ionization and drug excretion
ionized species are trapped in urine and cleared quickly
trapped in basic environments
phenobarbital, mtx, asa (acids)
trapped in acid
amphetamines (base). treat OD with ammonium chloride
p450
makes things slightly polar, often still active
phase II conjugation
makes things very polar, inactive metabolites
flumazenil is what kind of inhibitor at GABA
competitive
phenoxybenzamine and NE are what kind of inhibitors at alpha receptors
noncomp
morphine and buprenorphine are what kind of inhibitors at opioid receptors
partial agonists
safer drugs have ______TI values
higher
sympathetic sweat gland innervation
M ACh
D1 receptors
sympathetic. renal vascular smooth muscle
skeletal muscle innervation
N ACh
adrenal medulla innervation
Ach (but sympathetic)
nicotinic Ach receptors
ligand-gated Na/K channels
Nn in autonomic ganglia
Nm in NMJ
alpha 1 receptors
incr vasc SM contract,incr pupillary dilator muscle contract (mydriasis), incr intestinal and bladder sphincter muscle contract
alpha 2 receptors
decr symp outflow, decr insulin release
beta 1
incr renin, incr lipolysis
beta 2
vasodil, bronchodil, incr HR, incr contract, incr lipolysis, incr insulin release, decr uterine tone
M1
CNS, enteric nervous system
M2
decr HR and contract of atria
M3
incr exocrine, incr peristalsis, incr bladder contract, bronchoconstric, incr pupillary sphincter muscle contract (miosis), cililary muscle contract (accommodation)
MAD 2s
Gi
M2, alpha 2, D2
hemicholinium
inhibits choline uptake
vesamicol
inhibits acetyl CoA + choline
release of NE from symp nerve modulated by
NE acting on alpha 2
ACh
ATII
Carbachol
glaucoma, pupillary contraction, relief of IOP
cholinomimetic
cholinomimetics
-Chol
pilocarpine
cholinomimetic
potent stimulator of sweat, tears, saliva
contracts ciliary muscle of eye (open angle) and pupillary sphincter (narrow angle)
methacholine
cholinomimetic
challenge test to dx asthma
anticholinesterases
-stigmine
watch for exacerbation of COPD, asthma, PUD
neostigmine
postop/neurogenic ileus and urinary retention, myasthenia gravis, reversal of postop NMJ block
anticholinesterases
NEO CNS + NO CNS
pyRIDostigmine
long acting, myasthenia gravis
anticholinesterases
get RID of myasthenia gravis
edrophonium
dx myasthenia gravis (short)
anticholinesterases
PHYsostigmine
glaucoma and atropine OD
anticholinesterases
crosses BBB. PHYxes atropine OD. PHEYES.
echothiophate
glaucoma
anticholinesterases
donepezil
AD
anticholinesterases
anticholinesterase poisoning
organophosphates (irreversible)
excitation of skeletal muscle and CNS, and parasym sx
antidote is atropine and pralidoxime
atropine
mydriasis, cycloplegia
antimuscarinic
antimuscarinics
-trop
oxybutynin, glcopyrrolate
antimuscarinic
reduce bladder spasms
methscopolamine, pirenzepine, propantheline
antimuscarinic
peptic ulcers
atropine tox
acute angle closure glaucoma
hot as a hare
dry as a bone
red as a beet
blind as a bat
mad as a hatter
norepinephrine prefers
alpha receptors
isoproterenol prefers
beta receptors
rare AV block
sympathomimetic
dopamine prefers
D1>beta>alpha
ionotropic, chronotropic
sympathomimetic
dubutamine prefers
beta 1
heart failure, cardiac stress testing, ionotropic but not chronotropic
sympathomimetic
phenylephrine prefers
alpha 1
pupillary dilation, vasoconstrict, nasal decongest
sympathomimetic
metaproterenol, albuterol, salmeterol
sympathomimetic
prefers beta 2
M/A acute asthma
terbutaline, ritodrine
prefer beta 2.
sympathomimetic
reduce premature uterine contractions
amphetamine
releases stored catecholamines
use: narcolepsy, obesity, ADD
ephedrine
releases stored catecholamines
use: hypotension, urinary incontinence
cocaine
indirect general agonist, uptake inhibitor
clonidine, alpha methyldopa
alpha 2 agonists
use: htn, esp with renal dz
phenoxybenzamine
irreversible nonselective alpha blocker.
for pheo
tox: ortho hypo, reflex tachy
phentolamine
reversible nonselective alpha blocker
use: MAOi pts who eat tyramine
prazosin, terazosin, doxazosin
alpha 1 blockers
mirtazapine
alpha 2 blocker.
use: depression
tox: sedation, incr chol, incr appetite
autonomic drugs for SVTs
propranolol, esmolol
decr AV conduction velocity
beta blocker for glaucoma
timolol
decr secretion of aqueous humor
beta blocker toxicity
impotence, asthma exacerbation, AV block, CHF, sedation, caution in diabetics
A BEAM of beta blockers
beta 1 selectives
acebutolol (partial agonist)
betaxolol
esmolol (short)
atenolol
metoprolol
Please Try Not Being Picky
nonselective antagonists
Propranolol
Timolol
Ndolol
Pindolol
nonselective alpha and beta antags (vasodil)
carvedilol
labetalol
partial beta agonists
pindolol
acebutolol
PAPA
tylenol antidote
N-acetylcysteine (replenishes glutathione)
salicylate antidote
NaHCO3 (alkalinize urine)
beta blocker antidote
glucagon
digitalis antidote
normalize K, lidocaine, Mg, anti dig Fab
lead, Hg, arsenic, gold, copper antidote
CaEDTA (lead only), dimercaprol (not Cu), succimer (not Cu), penicillamine (not mercury)
cyanide antidote
nitrite, hydroxycobalamin, thiosulfate
TCA antidote
NaHCO3 (plama alkalinization)
tPA, streptokinase antidote
aminocaproic acid
theophylline antidote
beta blocker
can cause torsades de pointes
class III (sotalol)
class IA (quinidine)
Agranulocytosis Could Certainly Cause Pretty Major Damage
Agranulocytosis
Clozapine
Carbamazepine
Colchicine
PTU
Methimazole
Dapsone
Aplastic anemia
Chloramphenicol
benzene
NSAID
PTU
methimazole
coombs pos hemolytic anemia
methyldopa
hemolysis in G6PD
aspirin, ibuprofen, nitrofurantoin, INH
megaloblastic anemia
phenytoin, mtx, sulfa
have a blast with PMS
focal to massive hepatic necrosis
halothane, acetaminophen, valproic acid, amanita phalloides
liver HAVAc
hepatitis
INH
hypothyroidism
lithium, amiodarone, sulfas
hyperglycemia
niacin, tacrolimus, protease inhibitors
fat redistribution
protease inhibitors
ginigival hyperplasia
phenytoin, verapamil
gout
lasix, hctz, niacin, cyclosporin, pyrazinamide
myopathy
Fish N CHIPS Give you myopathies
Fibrates, Niacin, Colchicine, Hydroxycholoroquine, Interferona, Penicillinamine, Statins, Glucocorticoids
osteoporosis
heparin
photosen
SAT for photo
sulfa, amiodarone, tetra
Stevens Johnson
anti-convulsives
sulfa
allopurinol
PCN
DI
lithium, demeclocycline
fanconi
expired tetra
interstitial nephritis
methicillin, NSAID, furosemide
hemorrhagic cystitis
cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide (give mesna to prevent)
SIADH
carbamazepine
cyclophosphamide
cinchonism
quinidine
quinine
parkinsons
reserpine
seizures
imipenem/cilastatin
INH
antimuscarinic
TCA, H1blockers, neuroleptics, dig
disulfiram
cephalos, procarbazine, 1st gen sulfonylureas
nephro/oto
vanco, loops, cisplatin
p450 inducers
quinidine
barbituates
st johns wort
phenytoin
refampin
griseofulvin
carbamazepine
chronic alcohol
p450 inhibitors
MAGIC RACK
macrolides, amiodarone, grapefruit, INH, cimitidine, ritonavir, acute alcohol, cipro, ketoconazole, sulfas
sulfas
probenecid, acetazolamide, celecoxib
-azines
phenothiazines. neuroleptics, antiemetics
ie. chlorpromazine