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113 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Clinical use of phentolamine
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Hypertensive crisis
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receptors activated by phentolamine
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a1
a2 |
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Clinical use of phenoxybenzamine
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HTN caused by pheochromocytoma
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receptors activated by phenoxybenzamine
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a1
a2 |
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Clinical use of prazosin, doxazosin, terazosin
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HTN & BPH
pra=BID dox & ter= QD |
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receptors stimulated by prazosin, doxazosin, terazosin
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a1
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Clinical use of tamulosin
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urinary retention & BPH
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receptor stimulated by tamulosin
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a1a
a1d |
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Clinical use of yohimbine
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inc BP
inc libido |
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receptor stimulated by yohimbine
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a2
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all of the drugs used to treat HTN
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Propranolol
metoprolol atenolol nebivolol esmolol pindolol acebutalol labetolol clonidine |
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Clinical use of propranolol
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HTN
MI CHF Hyperthyroid migraine cirrhosis angina arrhythmias tremmors |
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receptors stimulated by propranolol
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non-selective beta blocker
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biggest contraindication for Beta blockers
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never use for someone with:
pheochromocytoma asthma (need B1 selective) do not discontinue abruptly |
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Type I diabetics should use caution when taking
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propranolol
any olol for that matter |
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Clinical use of guanethidine and Reserpine
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none. no longer used
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Clinical use of metyrosine
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inhibits neurotransmitter release
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effect of guanithidine
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dec NE
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effect of reserpine
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depletes NE, DA, 5-HT
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effect of metyrosine
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inhibits DA
thus decreasing NE and Epi |
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Clinical use of bethanecol
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urinary retention
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receptor stimulated by bethanecol
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M
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Clinical use of pilocarpine
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glaucoma and dry mouth
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receptors stimulated by pilocarpine
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M
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receptors stimulated by varinicline
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nicotinic
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use of verinicline
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nicotine substitute
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clinical use of cevimeline
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treatment of dry mouth caused by Sjogrens synd
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receptor affected by cevimeline
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M3
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receptor stimulated by verinecline
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a4B2
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what are the cholinesterase inhibitors
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neostegmine
physostegmine edrophonium donepizil organophosphates |
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drug used for the diagnosis of myasthenia gravis
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edrophonium
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drug used in the treatment of myasthenia gravis
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neostegmine
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drug used to counteract organophosphate poisoning
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pralidoxamine (2PAM)
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autonomic nervous sys activated by cholinesterase inhibitors?
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parasympathetic
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drugs used to reverse NM blocking drugs used during surgery
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neostegmine
edrophonium |
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treatment for cholinesterase poisoning
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atropine and 2PAM
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Clinical use of donepizil
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treatment of Alzheimers
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Clinical use of atropine
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counteract:
NM blockers given during surgery mushroom, muscarine poisoning reverse bradycardia caused by: M agonists, Cholinesterase inhibitors, MI used in conjunction with an opioid for diarrhea acute asthma attacks |
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receptors blocked by atropine
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presynaptic M2 (low dose)
postsynaptic M2 (mid dose) |
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Clinical use of scoplolamine
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Pre-anestetic (amnesia and dry mouth)
patch for motion sickness |
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receptor blocked by scopolamine
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M
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Clinical use of tropicamide
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mydriasis for eye exams
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receptor blocked by tropicaminde
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M
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Clinical use of glycopyrrolate
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prevent vagal responses during surgery
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receptor blocked by glycopyrrolate
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M
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Clinical use of dicyclomine
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GI and UG antispasmotic
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receptor blocked by dicyclomine
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M
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Clinical use of tolteridine
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overactive bladder in the elderly
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receptor blocked by tolteridine
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M3
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Clinical use of solifenacin
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overactive bladder
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receptor blocked by solifinacin
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M3
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Clinical use of oxybutynin
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treat an overactive bladder, post prostate surgery
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receptor blocked by oxybutynin
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M
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Clinical use of itratropium
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Sole effect on lungs
bronchodilation pre-anesthesia: reduce salivary and resp secretions decrease laryngospasms |
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receptor blocked by ipratropium
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M
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Effects of NE on blood pressure
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Inc BP
dec HR (baroreceptor reflex) |
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when do you get an inc in BP AND HR following an administration of NE?
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if you add atropine first
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effects of low doses of Epi on blood pressure
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inc BP
inc HR Inc Pulse pressure due to a lowering of the diastolic pressure by B2 stimulation |
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receptors affected by NE
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alpha
B1 |
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receptors affected by Epi
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alpha
B1 & B2 |
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Clinical use of Epi
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anaphylaxis
cardiac arrest & heart block Emergency asthma treatment decreased diffusion of a local anesthetic |
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effects of high doses of Epi on blood pressure
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inc BP
dec in HR (baroreceptor response) |
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effects of isoproterenol on blood pressure
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dec BP
inc HR |
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receptors affected by isoproterenol
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B1 & B2
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Clinical use of isoproterenol
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emergency treatment of cardiac arrest
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effects of phenylepherine on blood pressure
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Inc BP
dec HR |
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receptor affected by phenylepherine
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a1
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Clinical use of phenylepherine
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hypotensive emergencies
decongestant topical eye dilation |
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receptors affected by ephedrine
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alpha & Beta
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effects of ephedrine on BP
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similar to Epi, but less pronounced
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Clinical use of pseudoephedrine
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OTC decongestant
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receptor affected by pseudoephedrine
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alpha
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Clinical use of clonidine
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HTN
hot flashes in menopause pre-anesthetic |
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receptor affected by clonidine
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alpha 2
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modes of administration for clonidine
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oral
transdermal patch |
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Clinical use of dobutamine
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cardiac stress test
2 min half life |
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receptor affected by dobutamine
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B1
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Clinical use of ritrodine
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relaxes the uterus
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Clinical use of albuterol
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asthma
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Clinical use of terbutaline
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oral asthma medication
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receptors affected by ritrodine, albuterol, terbutaline
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B2
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effect of low doses of dopamine
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inc renal blood flow
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effect of high doses of dopamine
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Inc BP
dec HR |
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receptor affected by dopamine
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low dose- D1
high dose- B1 |
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Clinical use of DA
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low does: inc renal blood flow
high dose: IV treatment of cardiac shock |
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effect of fendolpam
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dilation of vascular beds
dec BP |
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receptor affected by fendolpam
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D1
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Clinical use of timolol
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glaucoma treatment
non-asthmatic |
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Clinical use of betaxolol
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glaucoma treatment for asthmatics
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all of the drugs used to treat glaucoma
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timolol
betaxolol apraclonidine pilocarpine physostegmine Epi eye drops |
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receptor affected by timolol
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beta
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receptor affected by betaxolol
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B1
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method of administration for neuromuscular blocking drugs
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IV
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non-depolarizing NM agents
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d-Turboquarine
pancuronium vecuronium cisatracurium rocuronium |
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which NM blocking drugs have cardiac side effects?
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pancuronium
succinylcholine |
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what drug is no longer in use as a NM blocker due to its effects on histamine release
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d-Turbocuarine
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what receptors does pancuronium block and what is a side effect of this NM blocking agent
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Nn and M
causes a vagal blockade that leads to tachycardia |
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Clinical use of NM blocking agents
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surgery: muscle relaxant
Ventilation: diaphragm relaxant ortho: easier manipulation of bones intubation anticonvulsant |
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what type of NM blocking agent is succinylcholine
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depolarizing
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Clinical use of succinylcholine
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trachiotomies
intubation |
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what should you check before administering succinylcholine?
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the dibucaine # of your patient
(prolonged degridation time due to a genetic abnormality) |
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can you reverse the action of succinylcholie with a cholinesterase inhibitor?
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no, that would actually prolong the effects
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problems associated with succinylcholine administration
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prolonged exposure leads to too much K+ in blood and cardiac arrest
may stimulate cardiac M receptors and cause bradycardia Muscle pain in muscular pts poss aspiration inc intraoccular pressure malignant hyperthermia |
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contraindications for the use of succinylcholine
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burn victims
rhabdomyolysis spinal chord injuries muscular dystrophy children under 8 |
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what is the effect of mechamylamine
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blocks ALL sympathetic and parasympathetic outputs to the sys
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effects of M1 receptor activation
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Increase sweating
Memory |
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effects of M2 receptor activation
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dec HR
bronchoconstriction |
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effects of M3 receptor activation
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Bronchioconstrictor
Secretion from salivary and lacrimal glands Miosis Increase sweating Increases contraction and secretion within the GI tract wall Detrusor contraction Promote erection Vasodilation |
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effects of a1 receptor activation
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Constrict blood vessels in skin, skeletal muscle, and veins
Mydriasis Contract sphincters Decreased GI tone Cause ejaculation Increase glycogenolysis |
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effects of a2 receptor activation
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Decrease NE and Ach release
Decreases intraocular pressure Relax the GI tract Decrease insulin secretion from pancreas increase in glucagon |
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effects of B1 receptor activation
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Increase HR, automaticity, and contractility
Renin release |
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effects of B2 receptor activation
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Relax the bronchioles
Dilate blood vessels in skeletal muscle Dilate coronary arteries Dilate cerebral arteries Relax the GI tract Relax the detrusor and uterus Increase glycogenolysis Increase K+ uptake into skeletal muscle |
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effects of B3 receptor activation
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lypolysis
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