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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Cocaine
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Ester
VC action by blocking NE reuptake upper resp. for mucous membrane anesthesia topical |
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Procaine (Novocain)
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Ester
1st synthetic low potency, slow onset and short duration of action metabolized to para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) PABA; high incidence of hypersensitivity |
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Tetracaine (Pontocaine)
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Ester
slow onset and long-acting more potent (and toxic) than procaine used in spinal anesthesia for its long duration |
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Proparacaine (Opthaine)
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Ester
little or no corneal irritation so widely used for ophthalmology |
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Dibucaine (Nupercainal)
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Ester
toxic as an injectable agent for mucous membrane (e.g. anal itch) |
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Benzocaine
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Ester
systemic tx is low remain localized in skin good topical anesthetic |
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Chlorprocaine (Neacaine)
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Ester
TX: Parenteral→ epidural, infiltration, N block (No topical use) |
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Lidocaine (Xylocaine)
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Amide
most widely used used in ester sensitive individuals TX: Parenteral→ Epidural, infiltration, N block, spinal anesthesia; Topical→ dermal, laryngeal, and oral |
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Prilocaine (Citanest)
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Amide
unique toxic metabolite leads to methemoglobinemia) so dental use only TX: Parenteral→ infiltration; Topical→ dermal |
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Bupivacaine (Marcaine)
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Amide
more sensory than motor block more cardiac toxicity than lidocaine TX: Parenteral→ Epidural, infiltration, N block, spinal anesthesia (no topical) |
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Etidocaine (Duranest)
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Amide
long duration useful for surgery requiring intense skeletal muscle relaxation TX: Parenteral→ Infiltration, N block (no topical) |
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Mepivacaine (Carbocaine)
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Amide
derivative of lidocaine more toxic to neonate thus contraindicated in obstetrical anesthesia TX: Parenteral→ Epidural, infiltration, N block, spinal anesthesia (no topical) |
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Ropivacaine (Naropin)
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Amide
less cardiac toxicity than buvipacaine is used for obstetric anesthesia and regional anesthesia for surgery TX: Parenteral→ Epidural, infiltration, N block, spinal anesthesia (no topical) |
