Pharm 2- Gi

Front 1

Laxative effect means what

Back 1

production of soft/formed stool over 1 or more days (leisurely and mild)

Front 2

Catharsis means

Back 2

prompt evacuation of bowel (fast/intense)

Front 3

what is the function of the colon

Back 3

absorb h20 and electrolytes, minimal nutrient absorption

Front 4

The function of the bowel depends on ____________

Back 4

dietary fiber

Front 5

Best source of dietary fiber is

Back 5

bran- also comes from fruits and veggies

Front 6

How many grams of fiber are recommended

Back 6

20-60

Front 7

S/S of constipation are

Back 7

hard stool, infrequent stool, excessive straining, prolonged effort, sense of incomplete evacuation, unsuccessful defecation

Front 8

Constipation is determined more by ___________ than frequency

Back 8

consistency

Front 9

The most common cause of constipation is

Back 9

deficient diet of fiber and fluid

Front 10

What non pharmacologic treatment helps constipation

Back 10

mild exercise after meals

Front 11

Indications for laxative use include

Back 11

decreasing painful elimination with episiotomy, hemmroids and anorectal lesions, Decreasing straining in cardiac pts, Decreased muscle tone in elderly, or with anthelminic treatment for emptying bowel

Front 12

What kinds of patients should not recieve laxatives

Back 12

abd pain, nausea, cramps, symptoms of appendicitis, regional enteritis, diverticulitis and ulcerative colitis, acute surgical abdomen, impaction, obstruction. (caution in pregnancy and breastfeeding)

Front 13

Why don't you use laxatives in pts with impaction or obstruction

Back 13

can perf bowel from increased peristalsis

Front 14

What defines Group I laxatives

Back 14

producing watery stool in 2-6hrs

Front 15

What kinds of laxatives are group I

Back 15

osmotic laxatives (mag, na salts) castor oil, polyethelyneglycol

Front 16

Group II laxatives have what effect

Back 16

Produce semifluid stool in 6-12hrs

Front 17

What kind of meds are group II

Back 17

osmotic laxatives in low dose, stimulant laxatives (except castor oil) (example- bisacodyl or senna)

Front 18

Group III Laxatives have what effect

Back 18

soft stool in 1-3 days

Front 19

What meds are in group 3

Back 19

bulk forming laxatives (methylcellulose, psyllium, polycarbophil) and surfactant laxatives (docusate na and ca) also Lactulose and lubiprostone

Front 20

These laxatives act like dietary fiber and produce a stool in 1-3 days

Back 20

Bulk formining laxatives example methylcellulose

Front 21

What are the indications for bulk forming laxatives

Back 21

#1 temp treatment of constipation, also used in diverticulosis and IBS, can provide symptomatic relief of diarrhea.

Front 22

What adverse effects do bulk forming laxatives have

Back 22

can cause esophageal obstruction if swallowed without enough liquid (take with full glass of water)

Front 23

-Bulk forming laxatives work by

Back 23

they are nondigestible and swell in h20 for form a gel which softens the mass and increases bulk

Front 24

Surfactant laxatives take

Back 24

several days to make soft stool
S=several,soft, stool, surfactant

Front 25

Surfactant laxatives alter the

Back 25

consistency to decrease surface tension which lets water into the feces

Front 26

Surfactant laxatives act on the

Back 26

intestinal wall to inhibit fluid absorption and stimulate secretion of h20 and electrolytes into interstitial lumen

Front 27

Bisacodyl and castor oil belong to which class of laxatives

Back 27

Stimulant

Front 28

Stimulant laxatives are used to

Back 28

tx opiod induced constipation or tx constipation from slow intestinal transit

Front 29

Surfactant laxatives should be taken

Back 29

with a full glass h20

Front 30

Stimulant laxatives increase

Back 30

h20 and electrolytes in intestinal lumen

Front 31

Stimulant laxatives take ____________ to work

Back 31

6-12hrs

Front 32

Bisacodyl (ducolax) can be given 2 ways, name these and the time to work with each

Back 32

rectal 15-60min, Oral (enteric coated) 6-12hrs

Front 33

With bisacodyl pills what teaching should you provide to pt about administering

Back 33

swallow whole and wait 1 hr after drinking milk or taking antacids to take

Front 34

Senna is a stimulant laxative what is the length of time to work and major side effect

Back 34

6-12hrs, Can color urine brown or pink

Front 35

This med is the only laxative that works on the small intestine, how long does it take to see results

Back 35

Castor Oil 2-6 hours (quick)

Front 36

When giving a patient oral castor oil what should you do? When shouldn't you give it

Back 36

Don't take at bedtime, tastes awful chill and mix with fruit juice

Front 37

Osmotic laxatives should not be given to what kind of pts

Back 37

RENAL

Front 38

How do laxative salts work

Back 38

draw water into lumen which increases fecal mass and softens stool, streatching intestinal wall which increases peristalsis

Front 39

what are the two types of laxative salts

Back 39

magnesium salts (mom) Sodium salts (sodium phosphate)

Front 40

The time it takes a laxative salt to work depends on the

Back 40

dose- low 6-12hrs, high 2-6hrs

Front 41

adverse effects of laxative salts and treatment

Back 41

Loss H20= increase fluids
Renal pts=mag level toxic
sodium salts cause fluid retention, heart failure, htn and edema also renal failure

Front 42

Polyethylene Glycol (Miralax) is a ____________________ its side effects are

Back 42

osmotic laxative, n/abd bloating, cramping, gas or with high dose diarrhea

Front 43

Lubiprostone is a misc laxative it works within 24 hours by

Back 43

opening chloride channels in epithelial cells lining intestine, promotes secretion of chloride rich fluid into intesting and enhances motility

Front 44

When giving Lubiprostone the nurse should know that

Back 44

dyspnea and chest tightness can occur 30-60 min after 1st dose, it will resolve in a few hours

Front 45

Other side effects of Lubiprostone include

Back 45

Nausea (take with food), diarrhea, distention, pain, gas, vommitting

Front 46

This drug class is the most effective to stop n/v from anticancer drugs, radiation and anesthesia

Back 46

serotonin antagonists

Front 47

Name a serotonin antagonist

Back 47

Ondansetron (Zofran) common endings "TRON"