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12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Thiazides |
most frequently used type of diuretic -increase excretion of water, sodium, chloride, and potassium -work in the loop of Henle and the early distal tubule |
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Loop diuretics |
the most effective -work in the loop of Henle -inhibit reabsorption of sodium and chloride ions at the loop of Henle and the proximal and distal tubules -mainly used to treat CHF, cause potassium depletion |
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Potassium-sparing diuretics |
administered if potassium loss is a danger -interrupt sodium-potassium exchange in the distal tubule -often combined with thiazides to increase diuretic hypotensive effectiveness |
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Osmotic diuretics |
increase the density of the filtrate in the glomerulus preventing selective reabsorption of water -pull more fluid out of tissues |
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Carbonic Anhydrase inhibitors |
increases the excretion of sodium, potassium, bicarbonate, and water used to treat glaucoma |
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Rapid-acting insulin |
-ends in "log" (Humalog, Novolog) short duration of action |
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Short-acting insulin |
-ends in "R" (Humulin R, Novolin R) known as regular insulin the only type that may be administered IV, IM, and subq |
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Intermediate-acting insulin |
-ends in "N" (Humulin N, Novolin N) typically mixed with a substance that slows the absorption of insulin may look cloudy; must be mixed prior to administration |
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Long-acting insulin
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Rx: Lantus, Levemir may be effective for up to 36 hours typically taken in the morning or at bedtime |
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Premixed insulin |
Rx: Humulin 50/50, Humulin 70/30 rapid or short-acting + intermediate acting rapid onset, longer duration |
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Sulfonylureas |
stimulate the B-cells of the pancreas to release insulin and improve peripheral insulin activity |
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Biguanides |
Metformin (glucophage) is the only one currently available can be used as monotherapy or in combination with a sulfonylurea |
