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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what are immunosuppresants?
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are to depress the immune system and are used in pts who have had organ transplants.
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what are immunnomodulators?
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biological response modifiers that boosth the immune system and are used in immunocompromised pts and pts receiving chemo.
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what is capillary lead syndrome associated with?
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the used of immunomodulators, interleukins.
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what are colony stimulating factors used for?
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used in cancer pts who are receiving chemotherapy (anti-neoplastic medication. these agents decrease bone marrow recovery time after bone marrow transplantation.
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what is colonization?
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the growth of microbes, especially bacteria, in diff parts of the body. This term can refer to normal flora or disease producing (pathogenic) bacteria.
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what is septecemia?
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the presence of pathogenic (disease producing) bacteria in the blood.
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natural acquired passive immunity is conferred by?
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Mother to fetus
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natural acquired active immunity is conferred by?
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getting the disease
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artificial acquired passive immunity is obtained by?
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infection of gammaglobulins
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artificial acquired active immunity is obtained by getting?
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vacines and or toxiods.
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what are risk factors associated with development of cancer include?
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aging, gender, ethnicity,sunlight,alcohol,diet, stress,occipation,environment,lifestyle,mutual sexual partners, reproductive history, obesity and tobacco
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signs and syptoms of cancer can include?
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unexplained lump or thickening, change in bowel habits, persistent cough, CNS alterations, unexplained weight loss, fatigue of undetermined orgin, horseness, overt or covert blood in feces, pain of undetermined orgin, shortness of breath.
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factors associated with etiology of cancer can include?
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age, sex, genetics, ethnicity and oncogenic viruses.
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neoplasms can be benign or malignant. benign tumors are?
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encapsulated, do not metastasize, similar to tissue of origin, slow growing, rarely come back after surgical removal
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malignant tumors are?
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not encapsulated, do metastasize, not similar to tissue of origin, unpredictable growth, comonly come back after surgical removal.
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malignant neoplasms are classified by what?
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their organ location and by the type of cell from which they develop.
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where do carcinomas develop?
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epithelial tissue
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where do sarcomas develop from?
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connective tissue
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where do lymphomas develop from?
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lymphatic tissue
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what is Gompertzian growth kinetics?
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refers to the growth of tumors. in the early stage a tumor usually grows rapidly but as the tumor enlarges it outgrows its blood supply and then the growth pattern reaches a plateau and growth deceases.
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what does doubling time refer to?
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the time it takes a tumor to double in size
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what are the principles of chemotherapy include?
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a. cancer chemotherapy is most effective against small tumors bc they have a efficient blood supply.
b. removal of large tumors reduce the tumor cell burden and therefore contributes to the success of chemotherapy. c. combination chemotherapy is more effective and more successful bc more cancerous cells can be destroyed than with a single agent. |
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what rules should be followed when selecting drugs for combination chemotherapy?
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each drug should be active for the specific cancer being treated. each drug should have a different site of action in the cell cycle. each drug should have a different organ toxicity.
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what are common side effects of chemotherapeutic agents?
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nausea, vomiting, anorexia, diarrhea, alopecia, stomatitis.
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common adverse effects leading to life- threatening infections include?
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leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, anemia and extravasation
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what are dose-limiting effects?
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bone marrow suppression, hepatotoxicity, hemorrhagic cystitis, nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, peripharal neuopathy (neurologic toxicity), cardiac toxicity.
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What is CCNS agents and what do they include?
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cell cycle-nonspecific and are cytotoxic during any phase of cell cycle. They include alkylating agents, cytotoxic antibodies
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what is CCS agents and what are the classifications?
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antimetabolits, mitotic inhibitors, topoisomerase-1 inhibitors, misc.
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describe hormone blockers.
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they bind with estrogen and androgen receptor sites to block estrogen and testosterone from binding with receptor sites in certain kinds of malignant tumors which are stimulated by male and female hormones.
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what are the type of chmotherapeutic agents?
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hormones and monoclonial antibodies.
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