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19 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
effects on eye
-block iris sphincter (circular muscle)
-pupil dilation (mydriasis)
-can't focus due to weakened ciliary m
-photophobia
-glaucoma
-dry eyes
-ex: tropicamide
Opthamology
atropine: 7-10 days
scopolamine: 3-7 days
homatropine: 1-3 days
cyclopentolate: 24H
tropicamide: 6H
Anticholinergics and CV
-tachycardia due to decrease in vagal tone, esp in young adults
-ventricles unaffected
-atropine used to reverse vagal discharge or muscarinic-induced bardycardia
-little effect on BP
Anticholinergics and Respiratory
-anticholinergics cause some bronchodilation
-effects are most useful in COPD
-ipratropium, tiotropium
-also act by decreasing secretions
-given before inhaled anesthesia
Anticholinergics and GI
-decrease motility
-small effect on gastic acid
-antispasmodic
-reduces tone and propulsion
-combined with opioids to TX diarrhea (Lomotil)
Anticholinergics and GU
-decreases motility
-Tolterodine is used to treat overactive bladder
-Oxybutynin prevents bladder spasm after prostate surgery
-antimuscarinic drugs may cause urinary retention in men with BPH
Anticholinergics and Secretions
-decreases salivation
-dry mouth is a freq side effect of these drugs
-inhibits sweat glands
-inhibits lacrimal glands
-body temp increases with large doses (esp with children)
Uses of Anticholinergics

Opthamology
-induces mydriasis (pupilary dilation)
-produces cyclopegia (loss of accomodation or ability of eye to focus)
-instilled directly
-short T1/2 preferred
-EX: tropicamide, homatropine
-risk of photophobia
-risk with glaucoma
Uses of Anticholinergics

GI
-combined w/ diphenoxylate for treatment of diarrhea (Lomotil)
-at low doses, there are few side effects
Uses of Anticholinergics

CV
-atropine is used after MI to decrease vagal tone
Ipratropium
-causes relaxation of bronchoconstriction due to vagal simtulation
-improves breathing, esp with COPd
-when used only in lungs, few side effects
-decreases bronchial secretions
Uses of Anticholinergics

CNS
-Parkinson's dz: adjunct therapy when DA replacement is not enough.
Uses of Anticholinergics

Motion Sickness
-scopolamine patch
-antihistamines w/ antimuscarinic effect
-dry mouth and sedation most freq side effects
Scopolamine
indications: motion sickness
side effects: sedation; memory loss
Urinary disorders
-anticholinergics are used after surgery to relieve bladder spasm
Tolterodine (Detrol)
-indications: relief of bladder spasm after surgery
-MOA: antagonist at M3 receptors
-side effects: dry mouth, glaucoma (increased IOP), blurred vision, decreased bronchial secretions, tachycardia, mydriasis, cycloplegia, decreasesd GI motility, dry/hot skin
Atropine Overdose
-dry as a bone (decreased sweating)
-blind as a bat (mydriasis, cycloplegia)
-red as a beet (skin flushing)
-mad as a hatter (altered LOC)
Drugs with Anticholinergic effects
-antihistamines
-TCAs
-antipsychotics
-plants
-eyedrops
-antidiarrhea meds
Treatment of Cholinergic Toxicity
-Atropine is used to block the muscarinic effects of drugs
-Atropine is also used to treat mushroom poisoning