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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
effects on eye
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-block iris sphincter (circular muscle)
-pupil dilation (mydriasis) -can't focus due to weakened ciliary m -photophobia -glaucoma -dry eyes -ex: tropicamide |
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Opthamology
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atropine: 7-10 days
scopolamine: 3-7 days homatropine: 1-3 days cyclopentolate: 24H tropicamide: 6H |
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Anticholinergics and CV
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-tachycardia due to decrease in vagal tone, esp in young adults
-ventricles unaffected -atropine used to reverse vagal discharge or muscarinic-induced bardycardia -little effect on BP |
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Anticholinergics and Respiratory
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-anticholinergics cause some bronchodilation
-effects are most useful in COPD -ipratropium, tiotropium -also act by decreasing secretions -given before inhaled anesthesia |
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Anticholinergics and GI
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-decrease motility
-small effect on gastic acid -antispasmodic -reduces tone and propulsion -combined with opioids to TX diarrhea (Lomotil) |
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Anticholinergics and GU
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-decreases motility
-Tolterodine is used to treat overactive bladder -Oxybutynin prevents bladder spasm after prostate surgery -antimuscarinic drugs may cause urinary retention in men with BPH |
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Anticholinergics and Secretions
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-decreases salivation
-dry mouth is a freq side effect of these drugs -inhibits sweat glands -inhibits lacrimal glands -body temp increases with large doses (esp with children) |
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Uses of Anticholinergics
Opthamology |
-induces mydriasis (pupilary dilation)
-produces cyclopegia (loss of accomodation or ability of eye to focus) -instilled directly -short T1/2 preferred -EX: tropicamide, homatropine -risk of photophobia -risk with glaucoma |
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Uses of Anticholinergics
GI |
-combined w/ diphenoxylate for treatment of diarrhea (Lomotil)
-at low doses, there are few side effects |
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Uses of Anticholinergics
CV |
-atropine is used after MI to decrease vagal tone
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Ipratropium
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-causes relaxation of bronchoconstriction due to vagal simtulation
-improves breathing, esp with COPd -when used only in lungs, few side effects -decreases bronchial secretions |
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Uses of Anticholinergics
CNS |
-Parkinson's dz: adjunct therapy when DA replacement is not enough.
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Uses of Anticholinergics
Motion Sickness |
-scopolamine patch
-antihistamines w/ antimuscarinic effect -dry mouth and sedation most freq side effects |
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Scopolamine
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indications: motion sickness
side effects: sedation; memory loss |
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Urinary disorders
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-anticholinergics are used after surgery to relieve bladder spasm
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Tolterodine (Detrol)
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-indications: relief of bladder spasm after surgery
-MOA: antagonist at M3 receptors -side effects: dry mouth, glaucoma (increased IOP), blurred vision, decreased bronchial secretions, tachycardia, mydriasis, cycloplegia, decreasesd GI motility, dry/hot skin |
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Atropine Overdose
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-dry as a bone (decreased sweating)
-blind as a bat (mydriasis, cycloplegia) -red as a beet (skin flushing) -mad as a hatter (altered LOC) |
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Drugs with Anticholinergic effects
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-antihistamines
-TCAs -antipsychotics -plants -eyedrops -antidiarrhea meds |
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Treatment of Cholinergic Toxicity
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-Atropine is used to block the muscarinic effects of drugs
-Atropine is also used to treat mushroom poisoning |