Pharm #16 - Adrenomimetics

Front 2

Definition of sympathomimetic

Back 2

Drugs that partially or completely mimic the actions of NE (norepinephrine, noradrenaline) or epinephrine (adrenaline)

Front 3

Catecholamines include __, __, and __.

Back 3

"Include NE, epinephrine, dopamine and isoproterenol.

Front 4

What is the structural difference between catecholamines and non-catecholamines?

Back 4

C - have benzene ring with two alcohols in their structure. NC - have benzene ring with substitutions in place of the alcohols.

Front 5

What does the presence of a large alkyl group on a catecholamine indicate re: beta receptor activity?

Back 5

Large alkyl group indicates greater beta receptor activity.

Front 6

Directly acting SYMmims stimulate which adrenergic receptors?

Back 6

Alpha-1, alpha-2, beta-1, and beta-2.

Front 7

Clonidine, Brimonidine"

Back 7

"

Front 8

Epinephrine"

Back 8

"

Front 9

Terbutaline, albuterol, ritodrine"

Back 9

"

Front 10

Epinephrine has affinity for what adrenoreceptors? It shows a __ __ effect?

Back 10

Affinity for all adrenoreceptors. There is a dose response effect.

Front 11

__ receptors show more effect from epi at lower doses. The result is vasodilation. What do higher levels of epi show? By which receptor are higher concentrations processed?

Back 11

Beta-2 receptors. Higher levels constrict all blood vessels, processed by the alpha receptors.

Front 12

How does NE affect TPR and BP? Does it have the same effect on HR? How is the effect on TPR different from other mixed and beta-only agonists?

Back 12

NE increases TPR and BP. HR may decrease because of baroreceptor reflex. EPI and isoproteronol decrease TPR; NE increases it.

Front 13

With EPI administration, __ receptors cause BP to increase and HR to decrease.

Back 13

Alpha-1.

Front 14

Indirectly acting SYMmims elicit effects similar to NE by __.

Back 14

They stimulate NE release from nerve terminals. NE is taken up by the neuron and produces the effects. The indirect SYMmim does not actually bind to the receptor.

Front 15

__ acts via NE release from nerve terminal and therefore, can significantly increase HR and BP via indirect action.

Front 16

Unlike epinephrine, __ can be give orally? Which receptors does it act on? Is this drug direct or indirect acting?

Back 16

Ephedrine. Acts on alpha-1, alpha-2, beta-1, and beta-2 receptors. Is mixed action (i.e., acts directly and indirectly).

Front 17

In general, alpha adrenergic receptors control __, while beta adrenergic receptors control __.

Back 17

Constriction. Dilation.

Front 18

Urinary Bladder"

Back 18

"Predominant Tone at Rest

Front 19

For this organ, give the predominant adrenergic receptor, SYM and PSYM responses, and the predominant cholinergic receptor: HEART.

Back 19

Beta-1 receptor. Increased SYM. Decreased PSYM. M2 >> M3.

Front 20

For this organ, give the predominant adrenergic receptor, SYM and PSYM responses, and the predominant cholinergic receptor: EYE - pupil size.

Back 20

Alpha-1. SYM - mydriasis. PSYM - miosis. M3, M2.

Front 21

For this organ, give the predominant adrenergic receptor, SYM and PSYM responses, and the predominant cholinergic receptor: EYE - accomodation.

Back 21

SYM - minimal effect. PSYM - contraction/accomodation for near vision. M3, M2.

Front 22

For this organ, give the predominant adrenergic receptor, SYM and PSYM responses, and the predominant cholinergic receptor: EYE - secretion of aqueous humor.

Back 22

Beta; SYM - increases production and pressure; PSYM - Increases outflow/decreases pressure. Alpha-2; SYM decreases pressure/increases outflow. M3, M2.

Front 23

For this organ, give the predominant adrenergic receptor, SYM and PSYM responses, and the predominant cholinergic receptor: BLOOD VESSELS IN THE VISCERA, SKIN, LUNGS.

Back 23

Alpha-1, alpha-2. SYM - constriction. PSYM - 0.

Front 24

For this organ, give the predominant adrenergic receptor, SYM and PSYM responses, and the predominant cholinergic receptor: RENAL VESSELS.

Back 24

Alpha-1, alpha-2; SYM - constriction. No PSYM.

Front 25

For this organ, give the predominant adrenergic receptor, SYM and PSYM responses, and the predominant cholinergic receptor: SKELETAL MUSCLES.

Back 25

Alpha-1. SYM - constriction. PSYM - dilation. Beta-2. Dilation (low dose EPI). No PSYM.

Front 26

For this organ, give the predominant adrenergic receptor, SYM and PSYM responses, and the predominant cholinergic receptor: CORONARY VESSELS.

Back 26

Alpha-1, alpha-2. SYM - constriction. PSYM - 0. Beta-2. SYM - dilation. PSYM - 0.

Front 27

For this organ, give the predominant adrenergic receptor, SYM and PSYM responses, and the predominant cholinergic receptor: VEINS

Back 27

Alpha-1. SYM - constriction. PSYM - 0.

Front 28

For this organ, give the predominant adrenergic receptor, SYM and PSYM responses, and the predominant cholinergic receptor: BRONCHIAL SMOOTH MUSCLE.

Back 28

Beta-2 receptor. SYM - relaxation (bronchodilation) PSYM - contraction. M2=M3.

Front 29

For this organ, give the predominant adrenergic receptor, SYM and PSYM responses, and the predominant cholinergic receptor: SWEAT GLANDS.

Back 29

Alpha-1. SYM - localized sweating. PSYM - generalized sweating. M3, M2.

Front 30

For this organ, give the predominant adrenergic receptor, SYM and PSYM responses, and the predominant cholinergic receptor: GIT.

Back 30

"Gastrointestinal Tract

Front 31

For this organ, give the predominant adrenergic receptor, SYM and PSYM responses, and the predominant cholinergic receptor: URINARY BLADDER.

Back 31

SMOOTH M. WALL: Beta-2; SYM - slight relaxation; PSYM - slight contraction. SPHINCTER: Alpha-1; SYM - Contraction. PSYM - Relaxation. M3>M2.

Front 32

For this organ, give the predominant adrenergic receptor, SYM and PSYM responses, and the predominant cholinergic receptor: PREGNANT UTERUS.

Back 32

Beta-2; SYM - Relaxation. PSYM - 0. Alpha-1; SYM - Contraction; No PSYM.

Front 33

For this organ, give the predominant adrenergic receptor, SYM and PSYM responses, and the predominant cholinergic receptor: PENIS.

Back 33

Alpha-1. SYM - ejaculation. PSYM - ejaculation. M3.

Front 34

For this organ, give the predominant adrenergic receptor, SYM and PSYM responses, and the predominant cholinergic receptor: LIVER.

Back 34

Alpha-1 beta-1. SYM - gluconeogenesis.

Front 35

For this organ, give the predominant adrenergic receptor, SYM and PSYM responses, and the predominant cholinergic receptor: ADIPOSE TISSUE.

Back 35

Alpha-1, beta2, beta 3. SYM - lipolysis.

Front 36

For this organ, give the predominant adrenergic receptor, SYM and PSYM responses, and the predominant cholinergic receptor: KIDNEY.

Back 36

Beta-1. SYN - renin released.

Front 37

For this organ, give the predominant adrenergic receptor, SYM and PSYM responses, and the predominant cholinergic receptor: ISLETS.

Back 37

Alpha-1. SYM - decreased insulin.

Front 38

"

Back 38

Brimonidine.

Front 39

"

Back 39

Amphetamines.

Front 40

"

Back 40

Clonidine.

Front 41

What are the side effects of SYMmims?

Back 41

Palpitations, anxiety, headaches, N/V, injection site necrosis, sweating.

Front 42

SYMmims have dangerous effects when they interact with what drugs?

Back 42

MAOIs, TCAs,

Front 43

Dopamine is a naturally occurring precursor to __ and __. What is the receptor affinity? What are the three mechanisms of action for dopamine? Does it cross the BBB?

Back 43

NE and EPI. D1=D2>>B1>>a1. Decreases NE release, interactions with alpha-1 and beta-1 receptors, and peripheral dopamine receptors. Does not cross the BBB.

Front 44

__ leads to arterial vasodilation in vascular beds with D1 receptors. It is short-acting and has less side effects.

Back 44

Fenoldopam.

Front 45

__ acts directly on the beta-1 adrenoceptors of the heart but it also stimulates beta-2 receptors of the heart. What is the effect on CO, SV, and HR?

Back 45

Dobutamine. Increases CO and SV without a marked increase in HR.