Pharm

Front 1

Name the three characteristics of a fungus:

Back 1

-Eukaryotic
-Cell wall contain polysaccharides such as Chitin
-Cell membrane contain ergosterol

Front 2

Name the three types of fungus:

Back 2

-Molds
-Yeast
-Dimorphic

Front 3

Describe molds:

Back 3

Filamentous

Front 4

Describe yeasts:

Back 4

Single-cell

Front 5

Give examples of dimorphic fungi:

Back 5

Blastomyces and Histoplasma

Front 6

Give an example of yeast:

Back 6

Candida

Front 7

Give an example of mold:

Back 7

Trichophyton

Front 8

What are the five predisposing factors to a fungal infection:

Back 8

-Moist environment
-Necrotic tissue
-Immunosupressive diseases e.g. Diabetes,
AIDS
-Immunosuppressive drugs e.g. Glucocorticoids, Anticancer drugs
-Broad-spectrum antibacterials

Front 9

What is the media used to grow and test for dermatophytosis:

Back 9

DTM: Dermatophyte Test Media

Front 10

Name four ways to diagnosis a fungal infection:

Back 10

-Clinical symptoms
-Culture and identification
-Wood’s lamp for cutaneous infection
-DTM (Dermatophyte Test Media)

Front 11

Name the two types of fungal infections:

Back 11

-Superficial
-Systemic

Front 12

Give an example of a superficial fungal infection:

Back 12

Affects skin, hair, and/or nails
e.g. Ringworm

Front 13

Give an example of a systemic infection:

Back 13

Aspergillosis

Front 14

Name four characteristics of polyene macrolide antibiotics:

Back 14

-All are antibiotics
-Not absorbed orally
-Unstable
-Decomposed by sunlight

Front 15

What is a complication of mixing Amphotericin B with electrolyte solutions (e.g. fluids)?

Back 15

Aggregation

Front 16

Name three formulations of Amphotericin B:

Back 16

-Amphotericin B Sodium Deoxycholate (lyophilized cake form) compounded with phosphate buffer for IV infusion as colloid solution
-Lipid complex formulation ABLC (Abelcet)R
-Topical formulation as cream

Front 17

Name three polyene macrolide antibiotics:

Back 17

-Amphotericin B
-Nystatin
-Natamycin also known as Pimaricin

Front 18

Explain the MOA of Amphotericin B:

Back 18

-Amphotericin B binds to ergosterol, the principle sterol of the cell membrane
-Leads leakage of cell contents
-By making channel through cell memebrane
-Fungicidal effect

Front 19

Amphotericin B is not effective against:

Back 19

Dermatophytes

Front 20

What is the spectrum of Amphotericin B:

Back 20

-Broad-spectrum antifungal
-Most systemic fungal infection e.g. Blastomyces Histoplasma, Cryptococcus, and Coccidioides (Dimorphic)
-Sporothrix , Aspergillus, Candida

Front 21

How is Amphotericin B excreted?

Back 21

Mainly through bile and some through urine

Front 22

What is the distribution of Amphotericin B?

Back 22

-Widely distributed
-CSF and aqueous humor

Front 23

What route is Amphotericin B not absorbed?

Back 23

Orally

Front 24

What is the main side effect of Amphotericin B?

Back 24

Nephrotoxicity
-depends on cumulative dose and duration

Front 25

What is the name of the route when you inject into the epidural space?

Back 25

Intrathecally

Front 26

Name three ways to avoid toxicity of Amphotericin B:

Back 26

-Administered by IV infusion for 4-6 hrs mixed with 5% dextrose
-Dosing every other day
-Dose should be less than 1 mg/kg

Front 27

By which route is Nystatin most commonly used?

Back 27

Topical

Front 28

What are two clinical uses for Nystatin?

Back 28

-Candida in cattle (mycotic mastitis) and metritis in horse
-Malassezia in dog (outer ear infection)

Front 29

What are three clinical uses for Natamycin(Pimaricin)?

Back 29

-Ringworm in cattle and horses
-Mastitis in cattle
-Mycotic metritis and keratitis in horses

Front 30

What is the MOA of Griseofulvin?

Back 30

Inhibits mitosis by disorganizing the spindle microtubules of the fungus

Front 31

What is the classifcation of Griseofulvin?

Back 31

-Antibiotic
-Fungistatic

Front 32

Where is griseofulvin metabolized?

Back 32

Liver

Front 33

How is griseofulvin excreted?

Back 33

In bile

Front 34

How can oral absorption of griseofulvin be increased?

Back 34

Given with fat meal

Front 35

What is giseofulvin effective against?

Back 35

All dermatophytes: (e.g Trichphyton, Microsporum)

Front 36

What is the side effect of griseofulvin in pregnant cats?

Back 36

It's teratogenic

Front 37

What does giseofulvin cause if given on an empty stomach?

Back 37

Vomitting

Front 38

What antifungal would you avoid in a cat with FIV?

Back 38

Griseofulvin

Front 39

What is the MOA of flucytosine?

Back 39

-Enter the fungus by permease-mediated process
-Deaminated by the fungus to 5-Florouracil
-5FU incorporate with mRNA and leads to inhibition of protein synthesis

Front 40

What is the spectrum of flucytosine?

Back 40

Narrow spectrum
-Cryptococcus neoformans and Candida

Front 41

How is flucytosine best absorbed?

Back 41

Orally

Front 42

What is the distribution of flucytosine?

Back 42

Wide distribution
-including CNS

Front 43

How is flucytosine excreted?

Back 43

Through the kidney

Front 44

Name the two major side effects of flucytosine:

Back 44

-Bone marrow depression leads to leukopenia
-Gastrointestinal disturbance

Front 45

What drug can be given with flucytosine for synergistic effect?

Back 45

Amphotericin B

Front 46

What is the main clinical use for flucytosine?

Back 46

Cryptococcal infection in cats