Pharm 117_Exam #1_Nur1

Front 1

Disintegration

Back 1

Breakdown of drug into smaller particles (Pharmaceutic Phase)

Front 2

Dissolution

Back 2

Dissolving of smaller particles into the GI Tract before absorption (Pharmaceutic Phase)

Front 3

Pharmaceutic Phase

Back 3

First phase of Pharmaceutic, Pharmacokinetics, and Pharmacodynamics. Disintergration and Dissolution of Oral Meds occurs during this phase.

Front 4

Pharmacokinetic Phase

Back 4

Defn: The study of how the Body effects a drug

4 Phases: Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Elimination

Front 5

Absorption Phase

Back 5

Movement of drug particles from the GI Tract to body fluids by Passive Abs, Active Abs, or Pinocytosis

Front 6

First Pass Effect (Hepatic First Pass)

Back 6

Process which the drug passes through the Liver

Front 7

Bioavailability

Back 7

Percentage of administered drug dose that reaches systemic circulation

Front 8

Distribution Phase

Back 8

Drug becomes available to body fluids and tissues

Front 9

Influences of Distribution Phase

Back 9

Blood Flow, Tissue Affinity, Protein Binding Affect

Front 10

Metabolism Phase

Back 10

Occurs primarily in Liver; can occur in GI tract

Most oral drugs are inactivated by the liver and excreted

Front 11

Half Life (t1/2)

Back 11

Time it takes one-half of drug concentration to be eliminated

90% of drug must be eliminated to be considered gone from body

Front 12

Elimination/Excretion Phase

Back 12

Occurs in the Kidneys be way of the bladder

Protein Bound drugs cannot be filtered

Front 13

Creatine Clearance (CLcr)

Back 13

Most accurated test used to determine Kidney function

Normal: 85-135mL/min
Note: Lower values found in the Elderly & Females

Front 14

Pharmacodynamics

Back 14

Study of a Drug's effect upon the body.

Front 15

Prime Drug Effect

Back 15

Desired

Front 16

Disintegration

Back 16

Breakdown of drug into smaller particles (Pharmaceutic Phase)

Front 17

Dissolution

Back 17

Dissolving of smaller particles into the GI Tract before absorption (Pharmaceutic Phase)

Front 18

Pharmaceutic Phase

Back 18

First phase of Pharmaceutic, Pharmacokinetics, and Pharmacodynamics. Disintergration and Dissolution of Oral Meds occurs during this phase.

Front 19

Pharmacokinetic Phase

Back 19

Defn: The study of how the Body effects a drug

4 Phases: Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Elimination

Front 20

Absorption Phase

Back 20

Movement of drug particles from the GI Tract to body fluids by Passive Abs, Active Abs, or Pinocytosis

Front 21

First Pass Effect (Hepatic First Pass)

Back 21

Process which the drug passes through the Liver

Front 22

Bioavailability

Back 22

Percentage of administered drug dose that reaches systemic circulation

Front 23

Distribution Phase

Back 23

Drug becomes available to body fluids and tissues

Front 24

Influences of Distribution Phase

Back 24

Blood Flow, Tissue Affinity, Protein Binding Affect

Front 25

Metabolism Phase

Back 25

Occurs primarily in Liver; can occur in GI tract

Most oral drugs are inactivated by the liver and excreted

Front 26

Half Life (t1/2)

Back 26

Time it takes one-half of drug concentration to be eliminated

90% of drug must be eliminated to be considered gone from body

Front 27

Elimination/Excretion Phase

Back 27

Occurs in the Kidneys be way of the bladder

Protein Bound drugs cannot be filtered

Front 28

Creatine Clearance (CLcr)

Back 28

Most accurated test used to determine Kidney function

Normal: 85-135mL/min
Note: Lower values found in the Elderly & Females

Front 29

Pharmacodynamics

Back 29

Study of a Drug's effect upon the body.

Front 30

Prime Drug Effect

Back 30

Desired

Front 31

Disintegration

Back 31

Breakdown of drug into smaller particles (Pharmaceutic Phase)

Front 32

Dissolution

Back 32

Dissolving of smaller particles into the GI Tract before absorption (Pharmaceutic Phase)

Front 33

Pharmaceutic Phase

Back 33

First phase of Pharmaceutic, Pharmacokinetics, and Pharmacodynamics. Disintergration and Dissolution of Oral Meds occurs during this phase.

Front 34

Pharmacokinetic Phase

Back 34

Defn: The study of how the Body effects a drug

4 Phases: Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Elimination

Front 35

Absorption Phase

Back 35

Movement of drug particles from the GI Tract to body fluids by Passive Abs, Active Abs, or Pinocytosis

Front 36

First Pass Effect (Hepatic First Pass)

Back 36

Process which the drug passes through the Liver

Front 37

Bioavailability

Back 37

Percentage of administered drug dose that reaches systemic circulation

Front 38

Distribution Phase

Back 38

Drug becomes available to body fluids and tissues

Front 39

Influences of Distribution Phase

Back 39

Blood Flow, Tissue Affinity, Protein Binding Affect

Front 40

Metabolism Phase

Back 40

Occurs primarily in Liver; can occur in GI tract

Most oral drugs are inactivated by the liver and excreted

Front 41

Half Life (t1/2)

Back 41

Time it takes one-half of drug concentration to be eliminated

90% of drug must be eliminated to be considered gone from body

Front 42

Elimination/Excretion Phase

Back 42

Occurs in the Kidneys be way of the bladder

Protein Bound drugs cannot be filtered

Front 43

Creatine Clearance (CLcr)

Back 43

Most accurated test used to determine Kidney function

Normal: 85-135mL/min
Note: Lower values found in the Elderly & Females

Front 44

Pharmacodynamics

Back 44

Study of a Drug's effect upon the body.

Front 45

Prime Drug Effect

Back 45

Desired

Front 46

Secondary Drug Effect

Back 46

Can be Desired or Not Desired

Front 47

Dose Response Effect

Back 47

Minimal vs Maximal drug dose amount needed to produce a desired dose effect

Front 48

Onset of Action

Back 48

Time it takes to reach minimum effective concentration after the drug is administered

Front 49

Peak Action

Back 49

Drug reaches highest concentration in blood or plasma

Front 50

Duration of Action

Back 50

Length of time a drug has a pharmacological effect

Front 51

Agonist

Back 51

Drugs considered response producing

Front 52

Agtagonist

Back 52

Drugs considered response blocking

Front 53

NonSpecific Drug Effects

Back 53

Affects various sites of the body; Cholinergic Receptor Sites

Front 54

NonSelective Drug Effects

Back 54

Affect various receptors; Norepinephrine, Dopamine, Acetylcholine, and Histamine Receptors

Front 55

Low Therapeutic Index

Back 55

Narrow margin of safety

Front 56

High Therapeutic Index

Back 56

Wide margin of safety; less danger of toxic affects

Front 57

Therapeutic Window

Back 57

Drug concentration should fall between minimum effect concentration and minimum toxic concentration

Front 58

Peak Levels

Back 58

Highest concentration of a drug at a specific time (rate of absorption)

Front 59

Trough Level

Back 59

Lowest plasma concentration of a drug

Front 60

Loading Dose

Back 60

Large initial dose when immediate drug response is desired; achieves rapid minimum effective concentration in the plasma

Front 61

Oral/Enteral Medications

Back 61

Slow acting, must pass through the GI Tract and the Liver; subject to First-Pass Affect

Includes: Suspensions, Tinctures, Elixirs, Extracts

Front 62

Suspensions

Back 62

Solid form which must be shook-up before being administered (ie Mylanta)

Front 63

Tinctures

Back 63

Drugs that are Alcohol Based

Front 64

Elixirs

Back 64

Drugs that are Sweet Smelling and Aromatic

Front 65

Extracts

Back 65

Drugs that are Mixed w/ H2O or Alcohol

Front 66

PO

Back 66

By Mouth

Front 67

PEG

Back 67

Feeding Tube

Front 68

NGT

Back 68

Nasogastric Tube

Front 69

Parental Medications

Back 69

Fast-Acting Medications; Avoid First-Pass Affect & GI Tract

Types: Intradermal, Subcutaneous, Intra Muscular, Intravenous

Front 70

Intradermal Injections (ID)

Back 70

Dermal Tissue (<0.5mL); Allergy, Diagnostic Testing(ie TB testing)

Front 71

Subcutaneous Injections (SQ/SC)

Back 71

Adipose Tissue (<1mL); Insulin, Heparin; Outer arms, abdomen, inner-thigh, upper-back

Front 72

IntraMuscular Injections (IM)

Back 72

Muscle Sites; Antibiotics, Hormones, Vaccines

Front 73

IntraVenous Injection (IV)

Back 73

Bloodstream; Emergency & NonEmergency Related; IV Push, IVPB

Front 74

Transcutaneous Medications

Back 74

Topical, Transdermal Patches, Instillations, Inhalers, Vaginal Applications

Front 75

Med Orders Required Info

Back 75

Pts Name, Date & Time, Drug Name, Dosage, Route, Frequency of Dosage, Physician's Sig

Front 76

Secondary Drug Effect

Back 76

Can be Desired or Not Desired

Front 77

Dose Response Effect

Back 77

Minimal vs Maximal drug dose amount needed to produce a desired dose effect

Front 78

Onset of Action

Back 78

Time it takes to reach minimum effective concentration after the drug is administered

Front 79

Peak Action

Back 79

Drug reaches highest concentration in blood or plasma

Front 80

Duration of Action

Back 80

Length of time a drug has a pharmacological effect

Front 81

Agonist

Back 81

Drugs considered response producing

Front 82

Agtagonist

Back 82

Drugs considered response blocking

Front 83

NonSpecific Drug Effects

Back 83

Affects various sites of the body; Cholinergic Receptor Sites

Front 84

NonSelective Drug Effects

Back 84

Affect various receptors; Norepinephrine, Dopamine, Acetylcholine, and Histamine Receptors

Front 85

Low Therapeutic Index

Back 85

Narrow margin of safety

Front 86

High Therapeutic Index

Back 86

Wide margin of safety; less danger of toxic affects

Front 87

Therapeutic Window

Back 87

Drug concentration should fall between minimum effect concentration and minimum toxic concentration

Front 88

Peak Levels

Back 88

Highest concentration of a drug at a specific time (rate of absorption)

Front 89

Trough Level

Back 89

Lowest plasma concentration of a drug

Front 90

Loading Dose

Back 90

Large initial dose when immediate drug response is desired; achieves rapid minimum effective concentration in the plasma

Front 91

Six Rights

Back 91

R. Route, R. Drug, R. Dosage, R. Pts, R. Time, R. Reason, R. Documentation