Pharm 1-Liners: Sedative Hypnotics & Alcohol

Front 1

Common side effect of hypnotic agents

Back 1

Sedation

Front 2

Occurs when sedative hypnotics are used chronically or at high doses

Back 2

Tolerance

Front 3

The most common type of drug interaction of sedative hypnotics with other depressant medications

Back 3

Additive CNS depression

Front 4

Benzodiazepines used to promote sleep

Back 4

Temazpam, trizolam, flurazepam

Front 5

Benzodiazepine used for anxiety

Back 5

Alprazolam

Front 6

Non-benzodiazepine used as an anxiolytic

Back 6

Buspirone

Front 7

Non-benzodiazepine used for sleep

Back 7

Zolpidem

Front 8

Major effect of benzodiazepines on sleep at high doses

Back 8

REM is decreased

Front 9

Neurologic SE of benzodiazepines

Back 9

Anterograde amnesia

Front 10

Reason benzos are used cautiously in pregnancy

Back 10

Ability to cross the placenta

Front 11

Main route of metabolism for benzodiazepines

Back 11

Hepatic

Front 12

Benzodiazepine that undergo extrahepatic conjugation (which are useful in older or hepatically impaired)

Back 12

Lorazepam, oxazepam, and temazepam

Front 13

MOA for benzodiazepines

Back 13

increase the FREQUENCY of GABAmediated chloride ion channel opening

Front 14

Antidote to benzodiazepine overdose (antagonist that reverses the CNS effects)

Back 14

Flumazenil

Front 15

Benzodiazepine with useful relaxant effects in skeletal muscle spasticity of central origin

Back 15

Diazepam

Front 16

Benzodiazepine that has efficacy against absence seizures and in anxiety states, such as agoraphobia

Back 16

Clonazepam

Front 17

Benzodiazepines that are the most effective in the treatment of panic disorder

Back 17

Alprazolam and Clonazepam

Front 18

Benzodiazepine that is used for anesthesia

Back 18

Midazolam

Front 19

DOC for status epilepticus

Back 19

Diazepam

Front 20

Longer acting benzodiazepines used in the management of withdrawal states of alcohol and other drugs

Back 20

Chlordiazepoxide and Diazepam

Front 21

Agents having active metabolites, long half lives, and a high incidence of adverse effects

Back 21

Diazepam, Flurazepam, chlordiazepoxide, and clorazepate

Front 22

Barbiturates may precipitate this hematologic condition

Back 22

Acute intermittent porphyria

Front 23

Barbiturates decrease the effectiveness of many other drugs via this pharmacokinetics property

Back 23

Liver enzyme INDUCTION

Front 24

Barbiturates MOA

Back 24

Increase the DURATION of GABAmediated chloride ion channels

Front 25

Barbiturate used for the induction of anesthesia

Back 25

Thiopental

Front 26

Site of action for zaleplon and zolpidem

Back 26

Benzodiazepine receptor BZ1 (although do not have a benzodiazepine ring structure)

Front 27

Good hypnotic activity with less CNS SE than most benzodiazepines

Back 27

Zolpidem, zaleplon

Front 28

Agent that is a partial agonist for the 5-HT1A receptor

Back 28

Buspirone

Front 29

Drug of choice for generalized anxiety disorder, NOT effective in acute anxiety

Back 29

Buspirone, Alcohols

Front 30

Agent that is metabolized to acetaldehyde by alcohol dehydrogenase and microsomal ethanol-oxidizing system (MEOS)

Back 30

Ethanol

Front 31

Agent with zero-order kinetics

Back 31

Ethanol

Front 32

Rate limiting step of alcohol metabolism

Back 32

Aldehyde dehydrogenase

Front 33

System that increases in activity with chronic ethanol exposure and may contribute to tolerance

Back 33

MEOS

Front 34

Enzyme that metabolizes acetaldehyde to acetate

Back 34

Aldehyde dehydrogenase

Front 35

Agents that inhibit acetaldehyde dehydrogenase

Back 35

Disulfiram, metronidazole, certain sulfonylureas and cephalosporins

Front 36

Agent that inhibits alcohol dyhydrogenase and its clinical use

Back 36

FOMEPIZOLE – used to prevent formation of toxic metabolites from methanol and ethylene glycol ingestion

Front 37

Agent used in the treatment of alcoholism, if alcohol is consumed concurrently, acetaldehyde builds up and results in nausea, headache, flushing, and hypotension

Back 37

Disulfiram

Front 38

The most common neurologic abnormality in chronic alcoholics

Back 38

Peripheral neuropathy (also excessive alcohol use is associated with HTN, anemia, and MI)

Front 39

Agent that is teratogen and causes a fetal syndrome

Back 39

Ethanol

Front 40

Agent that is the antidote for methanol overdose

Back 40

Ethanol, fomepizole

Front 41

Drug that inhibits alcohol dehydrogenase and is used in ethylene glycol exposure

Back 41

Fomepizole